The Greek City- States

1. The Greek City- States The Greek City- States

2. Objectives: Greek - City States Compare and contrast the key characteristics and values of the city-states of Athens and Sparta. Vocabulary: city-state, polis, acropolis, agora, hoplite, phalanx. Identify: the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens. Identify forms of governing: democracy, oligarchy, monarchy, aristocracy, tyrant.

3. The Polis - City- State • Central focus was the city-state or polis. • A town, city, or surrounding village. • Where we get the word “politics.” The Athenian Treasury – on the acropolis.

4. Greece - Physical Features • The country of Greece is a peninsula. • The Peloponnesus looks like a hand.

5. The Greek Pantheon • Monotheistic or Polytheistic?

6. The Acropolis • Main gathering for the polis (city )was on a hill, or acropolis. • Acropolis was a fortified area on a hill.

7. The Acropolis and the Parthenon • The most famous acropolis is in Athens. • It features the Parthenon. • This was a temple dedicated to Athena. • The Parthenon above. • Built by Phidias and a team of sculptures.

8. The Parthenon

9. The Parthenon

10. The Agora • Below the acropolis was the agora. • The agora was the open marketplace.

11. New Greek Army Tactics • Hoplites – soldiers with short swords, a round shield and a thrusting spear. • Phalanx – closeformation, wall of shields.

12. Greek - City States • City- states – cities that behaved like independentnations. • Mountains separated them – developed uniqueidentities. • Rarelyjoined together.

13. Athens Athens

14. Greece - Physical Features • Athens – near the sea. • Involved in trade. • Strong navy. • Encourages free thought and culture.

15. Athenian Values • Glorifiedmankind. “Humanists.” • Worldly and rational. • Exalted free inquiry. • Competitive

16. Athenian Values • Beauty of the male body. • Left – the Boxer and the Discus Thrower.

17. Athenian Values • Knowledge is supreme. • Nobility of human achievement. • Democracy – belief in the individual’s rights.

18. Athenian Exports • Vine and olive products: olive oils, and olives.

19. Greek Political Structures • Monarchs – Kings • Aristocracy – government is run by a small group of nobles. Nobles owned the land. • Oligarchy – rule by a few people.

20. Greek Political Structures • Tyrant – a single individual who seizes control. • Direct democracy – all male citizens have the right to vote. The tyrant Solon above

21. Athenian Reformers

22. The Athenian Government LEGISLATIVE – LAW MAKING THE ASSEMBLY Consisted of all male citizens over 20 years old. Made the laws and voted policy and taxes. THE COUNCIL OF 500 Chosen by lot to serve one year. Proposed laws to the Assembly.

23. The Athenian Government List the two branches here. EXECUTIVE BRANCH NINE ARCHONS AND A COMMANDER IN CHIEF Elected annually by the Assembly. Directed policy and the armed forces. Other Officials – chosen by lot to serve one year. JUDICIAL BRANCH JURIES Consisted of member of the Assembly who were chosen by lot. They tried all law cases.

24. Question • How many branches are there in the US government? • Do we also possess some form of democracy?

25. Athenians

26. Greece - Physical Features • Sparta – land-locked. Strong army. • Military state. • Isolated, does not encourage foreigners or trade.

27. The Spartans • Spartan baby washed with wine. • Examined by council of Elders. • Left to die if sickly. A Spartan Phalanx

28. The Spartans • 8 – Sent to the agoge where 13 years of training began . Beaten, forced marches barefoot. • Housed with the other boys. • No reaction to pain.

29. The Spartans • 12 – 1 cloak to wear. • Slept on reeds. Did not bathe. • Given little food- taught to steal. • 16 – first kill a Helot.

30. The Spartans • If a Spartan male passed his military training, then he became a Spartan soldier and a privileged citizen of Sparta. • Land and rights.

31. SPARTAN SOCIAL CLASSES Lakedaemonians or SPARTANS 1/20th of the population. They alone had political privileges. Very conservative, slow to change. Nobility. PERIOECI “The Dwellers Around” – People who had been Spartan allies or surrendered to them. They could carry on trade and manufacturing. HELOTS Bound to the soil. They had no rights in Sparta.

32. The Spartans • The Helots were enslaved by the Spartans. • They outnumbered the Spartans 20-1. • They had to give half their crops to the Spartans. A hoplite head piece above.

33. The Spartans • Spartan men always trained for war. They were not allowed another type of job. • Spartans believed that outsiders would ruin their system of training or soften their men.

34. The Spartans • 30 – Spartan married. • Women received physical training. • At 60, a man could retire.

35. Spartan Government *Oligarchy* 2 Kings – who led the Spartan armies on campaign. 5 Ephors They had unlimited power. They were elected each year and they were responsible for the education of the youth and the conduct of all citizens. Council of Elders – 2 Kings and 28 Citizens over the age of 60 Made decisions about the laws that would be voted on by the male assembly. The assembly would vote, not discuss or debate an issue.

36. The City States Unite • The only time the Greek city states of Athens and Spartaunited, was when the Greek peninsula was threatened during the Persian War.