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Greek City-States

Greek City-States. The 3 main influences are: The Land Very rugged mountains The Sea (better transportation, many islands) Greeks didn’t live on land, but around a sea The Climate Outdoor lifestyle. Keep in Mind… Greece was heavily influenced by is geography.

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Greek City-States

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  1. Greek City-States

  2. The 3 main influences are: • The Land • Very rugged mountains • The Sea (better transportation, many islands) • Greeks didn’t live on land, but around a sea • The Climate • Outdoor lifestyle Keep in Mind…Greece was heavily influenced by is geography.

  3. The polis, AKA city-state, was made up of the city and the surrounding countryside. Citizens would gather at the agora (marketplace) or on a fortified hilltop to discuss city government. Rise of the Polis

  4. Acropolis: A fortified hilltop, or the high point of the polis.

  5. Acropolis

  6. Monarchy- rule by a king Aristocracy- rule by land-owning nobility Oligarchy- rule by a small group of powerful people - Usually merchants and artisans Greek Political Structures

  7. (Has good connotation) • Rulers/common people clash • Nobles/wealthy citizens win support of common people • Seized control and ruled in interests of ordinary people Tyrants seize power

  8. Athens vs. Sparta

  9. Idea of representative gov’t began to take root • Rule by the people developed in Athens around 621 B.C. • Legal Code • Draco Athens & Democracy

  10. Nobleman • Developed legal code based on equality of all Athenians, rich or poor • Dealt harshly w/ criminals (Hammurabi) • Upheld debt slavery • Draconian Law Draco – 621 B.C.

  11. Outlawed debt slavery Organized Athenians into 4 social classes according to wealth. Only top 3 could hold office All citizens could participate in the assembly no matter the class. Any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers Solon – 594 B.C.

  12. Broke up power of nobility • Organized citizens based on where they live, not by wealth • Increased power of assembly (citizens could submit laws for debate) • Created the Council of 500 (proposed laws and counseled the assembly- chosen by random). Cleisthenes -500 B.C.

  13. Free adult, male property owners born in Athens Women, slaves, & foreigners were excluded and had few rights Who were considered citizens?

  14. Boys educated to become good citizens & defend Athens • Reading, math, pub. speaking • Girls educated at home to become good wives & mothers Athenian Education

  15. Athenians were very much interested in art, literature, science, math, and philosophy. Athletics also important -> Olympics Prisoners of war were used as slaves. Women didn’t go to school. Never taught to read or write. Values of Athens

  16. Athens vs. Sparta

  17. Government had several branches • Assembly (all citizens) • Council of Elders (30 older citizens) • Proposed laws to assembly • 5 elected officials • Carried out laws, controlled education, prosecuted court cases • Two Kings • Ruled over the military forces SPARTAN GOVERNMENT

  18. Strong military power Mostly agricultural Spartan Culture

  19. Reforms aimed at Spartan virtues • Equality Military Fitness Austerity • Created by Lycurgus who starved himself to death to save food for his polis • This shows Spartan values of self discipline and endurance Code of Lycurgus

  20. 725 B.C. – Spartans conquered the Messenians and took over their land

  21. Spartans treated Messenians as slaves Called the Helots – peasants forced to stay on the land they worked Each year, the Spartans demanded half of the Helots yearly crop Messenians

  22. By 600 B.C. the Helots outnumbered the Spartans 8 to 1 Soooo…about 500,000 Helots and only 25,000 Spartans Revolted often Krypteia (secret police) Helots

  23. The Spartan Army • Extremely strong because of fear of revolt • Spartan citizens devoted their lives to serving their army

  24. From 600-371 B.C. the Spartans had the most powerful army in Greece However, they created little art, literature or architecture They valued duty, strength, and discipline Boys trained from age 7 Spartan Power

  25. Received some military training • Could wrestle and compete in sports • Had much more freedom than other city-states • Ran the family estate when husbands were at war. • Couldn’t vote but had strong political voice Spartan Women

  26. Come back with your shield, or on it.

  27. Sparta > Everything

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