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Ancient Egypt

Chapter 3. Ancient Egypt. UNIFICATION OF EGYPT. Stokstad, p. ?.

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Ancient Egypt

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  1. Chapter 3 Ancient Egypt

  2. UNIFICATION OF EGYPT Stokstad, p. ?

  3. Egypt's impact on later cultures was immense. You could say that Egypt provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. Today, Egyptian imagery, concepts, and perspectives are found everywhere; you will find them in architectural forms, on money, and in our day to day lives. Many cosmetic surgeons, for example, use the silhouette of Queen Nefertiti (whose name means “the beautiful one has come”) in their advertisements.

  4. Longevity • Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted for more than 3000 years and showed an incredible amount of continuity. That is more than 15 times the age of the United States, and consider how often our culture shifts; less than 10 years ago, there was no Facebook, Twitter, or Youtube.

  5. While today we consider the Greco-Roman period to be in the distant past, it should be noted that Cleopatra VII's reign (which ended in 30 BCE) is closer to our own time than it was to that of the construction of the pyramids of Giza. It took humans nearly 4000 years to build something--anything--taller than the Great Pyramids. Contrast that span to the modern era; we get excited when a record lasts longer than a decade.

  6. Consistency & Stability • Egypt’s stability is in stark contrast to the Ancient Near East of the same period, which endured an overlapping series of cultures and upheavals with amazing regularity. The earliest royal monuments, such as the Narmer Palette carved around 3100 B.C.E., display identical royal costumes and poses as those seen on later rulers, even Ptolemaic kings on their temples 3000 years later.

  7. The Egyptians were aware of their consistency, which they viewed as stability, divine balance, and clear evidence of the correctness of their culture. • This consistency was closely related to a fundamental belief that depictions had an impact beyond the image itself—tomb scenes of the deceased receiving food, or temple scenes of the king performing perfect rituals for the gods—were functionally causing those things to occur in the divine realm. If the image of the bread loaf was omitted from the deceased’s table, they had no bread in the Afterlife; if the king was depicted with the incorrect ritual implement, the ritual was incorrect and this could have dire consequences.

  8. Palette of King Narmer Hierarchy of Scale Composite View (or Twisted Perspective)

  9. Pass out The Palette of Narmer and Elements of Architecture handout

  10. OLD KINGDOM

  11. Reflection of Status Worksheet • We will watch a Khan video on the Seated Scribe. • Then you will explore the other two works on your own with your cell phones. Go to the khan website https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap#ancient-egypt-ap

  12. Seated Scribe

  13. Canon of proportions Menkaure and his Queen, sculpture Left leg longer

  14. Great pyramids of Gizeh, Egypt (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu),

  15. Partner Talk • Discuss two beliefs associated with the pyramids at Giza. • Discuss two practices associated with the pyramids at Giza.

  16. NEW KINGDOM

  17. Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art105-12.html Colonnades Chamfered pillars

  18. Theme: Images of Power • Read the text on the handout and answer the questions on the back.

  19. CLERESTORY Model of hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re ...

  20. AKHENATONAND THEAMARNA PERIOD

  21. Amenhotep IV was surely the most unusual ruler in the history of ancient Egypt. During his 17 year reign, he radically transformed the political, spiritual, and cultural life of the country. He founded a new religion honoring a single supreme god, the life-giving sun deity Aten (sun’s disk), and he changed his own name to Akhenaten meaning “one who is effective on behalf of the Aten”.

  22. Akhenaten abandoned Thebes, and created a new capital for Egypt calling it Akhetaten (“horizon of the Aten”), modern name Tell el- Amarna. How did Akhenaten change royal artistic conventions? – Think about the sunken relief Akhenaten and His Family

  23. UNDULATING LINES CURVILINEAR Akhenatom, Nefertiti, and three daughters

  24. Egyptian relief sculptures often employed the sunken relief technique seen here. In ordinary reliefs, the background is carved back so that the figures project out from the finished surface. In sunken relief, the original flat surface of the stone is reserved as background, and the outlines of the figures are deeply incised, permitting the development of three- dimensional forms within them.

  25. Khan Academy Video (5 Min.) on Akhenaten and His Family Class Quiz https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art

  26. TUTANKHAMENAND THE POST-AMARNA PERIOD

  27. The return to tradition with Tutankhamun, who was Akhenaton’s son by a minor wife, is the most famous figure in the Post- Amarna period. • Akhenaton’s new religion and revolutionary art outlived him by only a few years. The priesthood of Amun quickly regained its former power, and Tutankhaten returned to traditional religious beliefs, changing his name to Tutankhamun – “Living Image of Amun”. And moving the court back to Thebes.

  28. Tutankhamun was only about 8 or 9 years old • when he came to the throne in about 1332 B.C. • He ruled for a decade, and at the age of 19, • he died and was buried in the Valley of the Kings, • a remote canyon on the west bank of the Nile in • Thebes. Why there??? • He died from a young age from poor health and • serious injury. Buried with 2 special people. • Tut was heir to an immense realm that stretched • north almost to the Euphrates River and south to • the Fourth Cataract of the Nile.

  29. Unlike other royal tombs, King Tut’s tomb was found with riches, jewels, and treasures. Why was his tomb not robbed?

  30. Tutankhamun passed away with no heir. The next kings wiped his name from the archives, perhaps because of his association with the hated king Akhenaten. Little did they know that by erasing his existence from official records, they would be ensuring that his name would live forever…

  31. While all of the later tombs were robbed and their treasures scattered, Tutankhamun’s remained untouched, hidden safely beneath the sands. Who discovered the tomb??? Steve Martin Video… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgTPH5y1-ZI

  32. Let’s look at the souvenir book, I bought in 2002 at the King Tut exhibit.

  33. We are looking at objects that were never meant to be seen. We essentially grave robbed, invaded Egypt’s sacred space. Secrets of the Dead: Ultimate Tut Movie (2 days long)…Movie Days Popcorn Anyone???

  34. Book of the Dead

  35. Last Judgment of Hunefer • Represents the final judgment of the deceased.

  36. Ancient Egypt Coffin… Book of the Dead (1 min.) https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/ptolemaic/v/ancient-egyptian-coffin

  37. Themes • Sacred Space • Funeral • Power and Authority

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