Updated 1/28/2011

1. Updated 1/28/2011

2. Technical Requirements & Regulatory Issues In Interconnection Agreements March 9, 2011 Jay Casparyjcaspary@spp.org · 501.614.3220

3. Wind In The SPP Generation Queue

4. Annual Average Wind Speed - 80 meters 4

5. Wind In Service

6. Generation Interconnection Requests

7. Interconnection Study Measures • Cluster Studies • Intended to study multiple requests simultaneously and allocate costs of network upgrades that are beneficial to the group. • All interconnection requests in each queue that are received in a 180 day open season period are studied together. • Allows for all interconnection requests in the queue to commence study process within six months and greatly lessens the queue backlog burden

8. Interconnection Study Measures • Cluster Studies (continued) • A set of upgrades that is necessary for the interconnection of the entire cluster of interconnection requests is determined. • The upgrade set’s costs are shared by the entire cluster of interconnection request based on a MW usage basis of each interconnection request. • Upgrades that are required for the interconnection of the cluster (i.e. shared upgrades) cannot be suspended.

9. Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) • Governed by FERC Order #661 and #661A • Comparable requirements for wind generation and thermal based generation. • All wind generators are required to be able stay on line and in service for a 3 phase fault at the Point of Interconnection of normal duration and normal clearing time of the fault. • Wind generators must be able to comply either through enhanced ride through capabilities from the equipment manufacturers; or must install a dynamic reactive compensation device to help keep the wind farm on line and in service

10. Reactive Power Requirements • Governed by FERC Order #661 and #661A • If demonstrated in the interconnection study, wind generation plants shall be capable of providing 95% lagging (providing vars) and 95% leading (absorbing vars) power factor at the point of interconnection. • Requires wind generation plant to account for any losses in their distribution collector system, substation transformers, and any transmission line they operate. • The requirement applies to wind generation plant at 100% nameplate generation. Does not apply to lower values of generation.

11. SCADA Requirements • Governed by FERC Order #661 and #661A • Wind generation plants required to have SCADA systems • Order #661A allows for mutual agreement between the Transmission Owner/Operator and Generation Owner/Operator to decide the requirements

12. Interconnection Study Measures • Wind generator developers provide collector system for wind turbines • Wind generator developers provide transformer and transmission information • Wind generator developers provide a PSS/E dynamic model for the wind generator turbines they are proposing to install. • Dynamic Stability Analysis performed using these models • LVRT analysis also performed using these models.

13. Concluding Remarks • Renewables are generally not dispatchable, but can be and may need to be managed. Regardless, accurate models and forecasts are critical to optimize integration and deliveries • Significant efforts underway to create and validate appropriate models without sharing proprietary and commercially sensitive details • FERC is proposing that renewable developers need to share real time data to improve forecasting and better manage reliability margins