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Essential Notes on Islam: Beliefs, Practices, and Culture

Discover the fundamental aspects of Islam, from its founding in Mecca to core beliefs like the Five Pillars. Learn about Islamic law, family life, and key practices like prayer and pilgrimage. Explore the rich cultural traditions and beliefs that shape Muslim life worldwide.

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Essential Notes on Islam: Beliefs, Practices, and Culture

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  1. Islam Notes

  2. Islam Background • Birthplace: Mecca (Makkah)- a city in Saudi Arabia • Prophet/Founder: Muhammad (Caravan Manager) • Receieved a Message from God given by an Angel Named Gabriel • Message: Allah was revealed in 3 parts – • 1. through Moses (Judaisim & Hebrew Traditions) • 2. through Jesus ( Christianity & Christian traditions) • 3. that the last revelations of Allah were being given to Muhammad now • Founded: July 16th 622 C.E. (year of the Hijrah) • Islam Means: “Submission” (Submission to the Will of God)

  3. Background Continued • Holy Book: The Qur’an or Quran (Koran) • Islam is the Religion – Muslim is the person who practices Islam • The Muslim House of Worship is called a Mosque • 2 important Cities • Mecca –Where Islam was founded • Medina (City of the Prophet) place where Hijrah occurred

  4. Main Beliefs of Islam Islam is not Just a religion but a way of Life They follow certain guidelines • 5 Pillars of Islam (Holy Guidelines) • 5 things that all Muslims must do to get to paradise (To Be A Good Muslim) • Shariah – Islamic Law • Based on interpretations of the Quran by Religious scholars & applies teachings of the Quran to daily life

  5. Main Beliefs of Islam 1st Pillar- Belief (Shahaadatayn) • There is only one god (Allah) & Muhammad is his messenger

  6. Main Beliefs of Islam 2nd Pillar – Prayer (Salaah) All Muslims must face Mecca and Pray 5 times a day (Certain prayers at certain times of the Day)

  7. Main Beliefs of Islam 3rd Pillar- Charity (Zakaah) Give part of one’s wealth to the poor (Giving Alms)

  8. Main Beliefs of Islam 4th Pillar - Fasting (Siyaam) Refrain from food/drink from Dawn to Sunset (Daytime) through the month of Ramadan

  9. Main Beliefs of Islam 5th Pillar - Pilgrimage (Hajj) Make at least 1 trip to Mecca in your lifetime

  10. Shari’ah -Islamic Law • It Regulates all aspects of Muslim life • Family Life • Business Practices • Government • Moral conduct • It Does not separate religious matters from civil or political law Muslims must practice Honesty & Justice when dealing with others Forbidden: To Gamble, Eat Pork, Drink Alcoholic Beverages, or Engage in Dishonest Behavior Family life is based on Marriage

  11. Other Facts • Muslims believe in Angels • Muslims believe they will be judged (by Allah) to determine where they go in their afterlife (Goal= paradise) • Muslims believe in Predestination= People’s lives have been predetermined by Allah BUT people still have free will to make decisions

  12. Other Facts Continued • Muslims attend worship services on Fridays • The Iman leads the prayer service • Men and women are separated during services • Muslims believed in many other prophets aside from Muhammad (Moses, Jesus, Abraham, etc) • There were two main branches of Muslims: Shiite & Sunni • The sacred language was/Arabic • Jerusalem is considered to be a Holy Place

  13. Islamic Clothes Cultural traditions (by Country/Family/or Sect) dictate what type of clothes people wear (& color) • Women can wear a head scarf/ hajib/ Burka • Men can wear a Kalansuwa/Turbin/Kaffiyeh

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