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Exploring DNA Technology: From Diagnosing Diabetes to Genetically Modified Organisms

Discover the world of genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and diabetes treatment with human insulin production. Learn how genes are modified and inserted to create transgenic organisms, and explore the applications of GM crops and fruits using genetic engineering techniques. Watch videos and follow step-by-step explanations on how human insulin is produced through bacteria, and understand the significance of using the same enzyme in DNA cutting. Explore the fascinating realm of transgenic organisms and their role in studying human diseases.

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Exploring DNA Technology: From Diagnosing Diabetes to Genetically Modified Organisms

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  1. Packet 11- DNA Technology

  2. How can we apply what we know about DNA? Genetic Engineering • _______________________modifying the genes of an organism • In many cases, the genes are modified by inserting genes from another organism. Another term for this process is _____________________________________ recombinant DNA technology

  3. What is diabetes? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlWM8_iqfA

  4. What is diabetes? • -Diabetes is a metabolic disorder involving the protein ________. Insulin lowers the amount of ________(sugar) in the blood. If there isn’t enough insulin in your body, glucose isn’t broken down for ________like it should be. insulin glucose energy

  5. What is diabetes? • There are 2 major types of diabetes: • 1. _______Diabetes: people with Type 1 Diabetes cannot produce insulin. They need to take it in from external sources. • 2. _________Diabetes: people with Type 2 Diabetes produce insulin but their cells do not respond to it. Type 1 Type 2

  6. What is diabetes? • -Type 1 diabetics must inject insulin into their bodies. All _____________use insulin to manage blood sugar. Until the 1980’s insulin for Type 1 diabetics was collected from ____________________. This had 2 main problems: 1) some people had ________reactions to the animal protein and 2) ___________ objected to using the animal protein. mammals slaughtered animals allergic vegetarians

  7. What is diabetes? human • -The ideal insulin source is the _______protein. How can we get this without extracting it from other humans, which is not ethical?

  8. How do we get human insulin? Recombinant DNA technology • _________________________________ is the answer. We can insert the gene for insulin production into ____________ so that they will produce the protein for us. bacteria

  9. How do we make transgenic organisms? • http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/TeachingResources/Applications/GMOpkgJKloseGLampard2.swf

  10. plasmid human spliced bacteria divides continues

  11. How do we put the insulin gene into bacteria? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sI5vy-cD2g • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rXizmLjegI

  12. How do we get human insulin? • Once the plasmid is removed from the bacteria, a restriction enzyme is used to cut open the DNA (step 1) • There are many different kinds of restriction enzymes, and each one works like a special pair of scissors that leaves a specific pattern wherever it cuts DNA.

  13. How do we get human insulin? • Why might it be important to use the same enzyme in step 1 and step 2? • So that they ends will be complimentary and match up.

  14. How do we get human insulin? • Bacteria that successfully take in the insulin making gene will reproduce (by binary fission) and make more bacteria cells that also now how to make ________________ human insulin

  15. Transgenic Organism • ________________________-An organism that contains the DNA from a different species.

  16. Transgenic Animals • Fruit flies, roundworms, and mice are used extensively to study _______________ human diseases

  17. Transgenic Plants (Agriculture)= • Early experiments produced: • Ex. 1 : A tobacco plant with a __________ gene…The result was a plant that grows in the dark. firefly

  18. Ex 2: A strawberry which contains an ‘antifreeze’ gene isolated from a ____________…The result was a strawberry plant that is able to survive in colder climates (survives frost). + flounder

  19. Today GM (_______________________) crops are made to be: • Pesticide tolerant (such as BT corn) • __________ resistant (some plants make their own pesticide) • ___________ tolerant Genetically modified Insect Frost

  20. Page 318 • Selective breeding • Hybridization • Inbreeding • Genetic engineering • Restriction enzyme • Gel electrophoresis • Recombinant DNA • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • Plasmid • Genetic marker • Transgenic • Clone

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