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Packet 11- DNA Technology

Packet 11- DNA Technology. How can we apply what we know about DNA?. Genetic Engineering. _______________________ modifying the genes of an organism

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Packet 11- DNA Technology

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  1. Packet 11- DNA Technology

  2. How can we apply what we know about DNA? Genetic Engineering • _______________________modifying the genes of an organism • In many cases, the genes are modified by inserting genes from another organism. Another term for this process is _____________________________________ recombinant DNA technology

  3. What is diabetes? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlWM8_iqfA

  4. What is diabetes? • -Diabetes is a metabolic disorder involving the protein ________. Insulin lowers the amount of ________(sugar) in the blood. If there isn’t enough insulin in your body, glucose isn’t broken down for ________like it should be. insulin glucose energy

  5. What is diabetes? • There are 2 major types of diabetes: • 1. _______Diabetes: people with Type 1 Diabetes cannot produce insulin. They need to take it in from external sources. • 2. _________Diabetes: people with Type 2 Diabetes produce insulin but their cells do not respond to it. Type 1 Type 2

  6. What is diabetes? • -Type 1 diabetics must inject insulin into their bodies. All _____________use insulin to manage blood sugar. Until the 1980’s insulin for Type 1 diabetics was collected from ____________________. This had 2 main problems: 1) some people had ________reactions to the animal protein and 2) ___________ objected to using the animal protein. mammals slaughtered animals allergic vegetarians

  7. What is diabetes? human • -The ideal insulin source is the _______protein. How can we get this without extracting it from other humans, which is not ethical?

  8. How do we get human insulin? Recombinant DNA technology • _________________________________ is the answer. We can insert the gene for insulin production into ____________ so that they will produce the protein for us. bacteria

  9. How do we make transgenic organisms? • http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/TeachingResources/Applications/GMOpkgJKloseGLampard2.swf

  10. plasmid human spliced bacteria divides continues

  11. How do we put the insulin gene into bacteria? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sI5vy-cD2g • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rXizmLjegI

  12. How do we get human insulin? • Once the plasmid is removed from the bacteria, a restriction enzyme is used to cut open the DNA (step 1) • There are many different kinds of restriction enzymes, and each one works like a special pair of scissors that leaves a specific pattern wherever it cuts DNA.

  13. How do we get human insulin? • Why might it be important to use the same enzyme in step 1 and step 2? • So that they ends will be complimentary and match up.

  14. How do we get human insulin? • Bacteria that successfully take in the insulin making gene will reproduce (by binary fission) and make more bacteria cells that also now how to make ________________ human insulin

  15. Transgenic Organism • ________________________-An organism that contains the DNA from a different species.

  16. Transgenic Animals • Fruit flies, roundworms, and mice are used extensively to study _______________ human diseases

  17. Transgenic Plants (Agriculture)= • Early experiments produced: • Ex. 1 : A tobacco plant with a __________ gene…The result was a plant that grows in the dark. firefly

  18. Ex 2: A strawberry which contains an ‘antifreeze’ gene isolated from a ____________…The result was a strawberry plant that is able to survive in colder climates (survives frost). + flounder

  19. Today GM (_______________________) crops are made to be: • Pesticide tolerant (such as BT corn) • __________ resistant (some plants make their own pesticide) • ___________ tolerant Genetically modified Insect Frost

  20. Page 318 • Selective breeding • Hybridization • Inbreeding • Genetic engineering • Restriction enzyme • Gel electrophoresis • Recombinant DNA • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • Plasmid • Genetic marker • Transgenic • Clone

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