Chapter 9 Alcohol

1. Chapter 9 Alcohol Lesson 2 The Nervous System Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

2. Cells that make up the nervous system • neurons • central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord • peripheral nervous system Made up of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body

3. The command center, or coordinator, of the nervous system • brain A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body • spinal cord

4. Learning Targets: • listthe parts of the nervous system. • describeproblems of the nervous system. • explainhow you can keep your nervous system healthy. • practicedecision-making skills to protect the nervous system.

5. The Command Center of the Body The nervous system: • Is your body’s control center • Carries messages to and from your brain • Controls breathing • Controls the flow of blood throughout the body • Can be harmed or permanently damaged by injury, diseases, alcohol and other drugs

6. Figure 9.3 Page 273 The Command Center of the Body Neurons are also called nerve cells. neurons Cells that make up the nervous system Neurons send and receive messages to and from the brain in the form of tiny electrical charges.

7. Three types of neurons as seen on page 273 • Sensory Neurons • Receives messages and passes on information from outside world • skin, ears, eyes • Motor Neurons • Sends messages to muscles and glands • Connection Neurons • Relays messages between sensory and motor neurons

8. What do you think would happen if some neurons failed to pass on information received from the outside world?

9. The Parts of the Nervous System The two parts of the nervous system are: • The central nervous system (CNS) • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord peripheral nervous system Made up of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body

11. The Parts of the Nervous System

12. The Parts of the Central Nervous System The brain works with the spinal cord. brain The command center, or coordinator, or the nervous system spinal cord A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body

13. Central Nervous System CNSpage 274 figure 9.4 • Brain • made up of billions of neurons • Receives information and sends messages to the other parts of the body … works with the spinal cord • interprets the messages … helps the body respond to the information it receives from the senses • processes thoughts … when you think the neurons in your brain are working • Spinal Cord • some messages are processed here but most are sent to the brain • relays messages between the brain and other parts of the body • If you lose or damage CNS neurons your body cannot make new ones

14. page 274 figure 9.4 Your Nervous System

15. How the Brain Works Considering everything it does, the human brain is incredibly compact, weighing just 3 pounds. Its many folds and grooves, though, provide it with the additional surface area necessary for storing all of the body's important information. The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long bundle of nerve tissue about 18 inches long and ¾ inch thick. It extends from the lower part of the brain down through spine.

16. How the Brain Works Intelligence, Learning, and Memory When you learn things, messages travel from one neuron to another, over and over. Then the brain creates connections (or pathways) between the neurons, so things become easier and you can do them better and better. In young children, the brain is highly adaptable. In fact, when one part of a young child's brain is injured, another part may learn to take over some of the lost function. But as we age, the brain has to work harder to make new neural pathways, making it more difficult to master new tasks or change established behavior patterns. That's why many scientists believe it's important to keep challenging your brain to learn new things and make new connections — it helps keep the brain active over the course of a lifetime.

17. Peripheral Nervous System PNS page 274 figure 9.4 made up of nerves that connect CNS to all parts of the body • makes possible the movements you can control • walking • speaking • handles movements you cannot control … AUTOMATIC actions • heart beat • sweating • digestion • the change of the pupil of your eyes as they react to light PNS neurons can regenerate if they are damaged

18. page 274 figure 9.4 Your Nervous System

19. Problems of the Nervous System The nervous system can become injured, or it may be affected by diseases and disorders.

20. Injuries A brain injury can cause brain damage, loss of memory, and the loss of some physical abilities. PROTECT YOUR BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

21. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Alcohol can destroy millions of brain cells, which can never be replaced. Other drugs harm the brain by affecting sleeping, breathing, sleeping, and the way your nervous system sends and receives messages.

22. Infections Some viruses that can harm the nervous system include: • Polio • Rabies • Meningitis There are vaccines that help protect people from some of these illnesses. Other illnesses may be treated with medicine.

23. Disorders Multiple Sclerosis(MS) MS attacks the central nervous system and damages the outer part of some nerves. CerebralPalsy Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain as itis growing. Alzheimer’sDisease Alzheimer’s causes a loss of memory, mentaldeterioration, and death. Parkinson'sDisease People with Parkinson’s disease often have shakingand stiffness of the arms and legs. Epilepsy Epilepsy occurs when the signals in the brain aren’tsent in the normal way, sometimes causing seizures.

24. Taking Care of Your Nervous System

25. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned VocabularyDefine neuron. a cell that makes up the nervous system

26. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned NameList the two parts of the nervous system. central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

27. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned ExplainDescribe how multiple sclerosis affects thenervous system. MS damages the outer part of some nerves so that they cannot send messages properly.

28. Lesson 2 Review What I Learned DescribeHow can alcohol damage the nervoussystem? Alcohol can destroy brain cells.

29. Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically HypothesizeIf the PNS stopped working, what wouldhappen to the CNS? Sample answer: The central nervous system could not receive messages from the nerves in the body, so the body could not respond to what it senses.

30. Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically ApplyWhat decisions can you make to keep yournervous system healthy? Sample answer: Wear a helmet while bicycling or in-line skating and never use drugs or alcohol.

31. End of Chapter 9 Alcohol Lesson 2 The Nervous System Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 9 Assessment