Chapter 25 Alcohol

1. Chapter 25Alcohol Lesson 1 Alcohol Use: A High Risk Behavior p. 550

2. Health Terms • Ethanol • Fermentation • Intoxication

3. What is Alcohol? • Ethanol • A powerful drug • Made synthetically or • Naturally by fermentation • Fermentation of grains, fruits, and vegetables • Beer • Wine • Liquo • Depressant • Slows the central nervous system

4. Alcohol and Teens • 1/2 of teens who die each year are a direct result of alcohol or other drugs • automobile crashes • Alcohol is involved in many unplanned pregnancies, STD’s, violence, suicides, and homicides. • Nearly 5 million problem drinkers are ages 14 to 17

5. Alcohol and Teens cont’d • A High Risk Behavior: • Alcohol can have a negative effect on: • School work • Athletic performance • Friendships • Family relationships • Career goals

6. Why Young People Drink • To escape pressures or problems • To feel better • To deal with stress • To feel more confident socially • For excitement • Because their friends are drinking • Boredom • To get away with something against the rules • To fit in

7. Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use • Friends • Peer pressure • Difficult to say “NO” • Especially when you want to fit in • Family • When teens see parents use alcohol to relax or socialize, they will do the same

8. Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use cont’d • Advertising • Over $1 billion a year spent • Young, attractive people • Party-like atmosphere • Often a healthful environment • Problem-free drinking • A warning that doesn’t really say anything about the risks • By ninth grade most teens will have seen more ads for wine and beer than any other ad • Message of successful, romantic, and problem-free relationships • Sporting events sponsored by alcoholic beverages • College campus equipment (scoreboards) purchased by alcohol companies • Articles of clothing with advertising

9. You and Your Decisions About Drinking • Everyone has the right to feel loved and important. • Alcohol doesn’t have to be a part of that sense of belonging. • As you apply your decision-making skills, you will see that the negative far outweighs the positive.

10. Chapter 25Alcohol Lesson 2 What Alcohol Does to the Body p. 555

11. Health Terms • Blood alcohol concentration • Designated driver • Fatty liver • Cirrhosis • Fetal alcohol syndrome

12. Short-Term Effects of Drinking • Depends on several factors: • Amount of alcohol consumed • Gender of person • Size of person • Amount of food in person’s stomach

13. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Brain • Liver • Blood vessels • Heart • Kidneys • Stomach

14. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Brain • Alcohol reaches brain almost immediately • Depress the activity of the brain • Slows the CNS (central nervous system) • Thought processes are disorganized • Memory is disorganized • Concentration is dulled • Decision making is badly affected

15. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Liver • Changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy through the process called OXIDATION • There is NO WAY to speed this process • Including a shower or coffee • 10 to 15 ml of alcohol are oxidized per hour • The rest of the alcohol continues to circulate

16. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Blood Vessels • Dilate or widen • Causes increased blood flow • Especially to the skin • Creates a false sense of warmth • Causes rapid body heat loss – risk of hypothermia

17. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Heart • Increases heart rate • Arrhythmias or • Abnormal heart beats • Causes scar tissue build-up • in heart muscle • Increased risk of heart attack • Increased risk of stroke

18. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Kidneys • Alcohol affect the pituitary gland • Which in-turn affect the kidneys • Kidneys produce more urine • A person often feels dehydrated the next day

19. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Stomach • Alcohol increases gastric juice • More alcohol, more gastric juices • Irritates stomach lining • Internal bleeding • Food slows but DOES NOT eliminate alcohol absorption

20. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Driving Under the Influence • DUI • Blood Alcohol Concentration or BAC • - first signs of impairment at 0.02 BAC • - VA law under 21 is 0.02 • - VA law 21 and over is 0.08

21. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • BAC is affected by: • Gender • Weight • Metabolism • Amount of alcohol consumed • Food in person’s stomach • Time spend drinking • Time following last drink

22. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Drinking at any level: • Reduces ability to judge distance, speed, & turns • Reduces the ability to judge one’s capabilities and limitations • Increases risk taking • Slows reflexe • Adds to forgetfulness • Use turn signals • Reduces ability to concentrate

23. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Consequences of DUI • DEATH • not only to the drinker, • but the nondrinker victim • Each day 11 teens are killed & 350 are injured in alcohol related crashes.

24. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Immediate confiscation of driver’s license • Arrest, trip to jail, court appearance, • & fine • Possible suspension of driver’s license • Possible mandatory jail sentence • Cost of bail • Higher insurance rates • Possible lawsuits

25. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Efforts to Reduce DUI • Laws • BAC of 0.08 or lower • Illegal to have an open alcohol container • Mandatory breath, blood, & urine test • Refusal to test is an automatic suspension of driver’s license • May go to jail immediately • Organizations – helpful in establishing laws • MADD • SADD • Designated Drivers (DD) • One who chooses to not drink so to safely drive others

26. Long-Term Effects of Drinking • Brain Damage • Chronic Liver Problems • Tolerance and Dependence • The multiplier Effect

27. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Brain Damage • Decrease brain size • Destroy brain cells • Loss of intellectual abilities • Memory • Problem solving • Every day functions

28. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Chronic Liver Problems • The liver processes fats. With alcohol consumption, fats are blocked and build up on the liver. • Thus the liver cannot function normally. • Cirrhosis Liver failure • Hepatitis Death

29. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • Tolerance & Dependence • Tolerance – the body gets used alcohol and need to drink more to produce the same effects • Withdrawal – a range of symptoms that include jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweats, poor appetite, tremors, convulsions, hallucinations • Dependence – the body develops a need for alcohol; marked by tolerance and withdrawal.

30. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d • The Multiplier Effect • A combination of alcohol and other drugs (illegal, OTC, or prescription) will alter the way alcohol affects the body. • Unpredictable • Accidental deaths

31. Alcohol and Pregnancy • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • FAS • Alcohol consumed by a pregnant female goes from her blood directly to the fetus’ blood through the placenta and umbilical cord

32. Alcohol and PregnancyFAS cont’d • Low birth weight • Impaired speech • Cleft palate • General weakness • Slow body growth • Facial abnormalities • Poor condition • Heart defects • Mental retardation • FAS is the leading cause of MR in USA • Poor attention span • Nervousness • Hyperactivity

33. Chapter 25Alcohol Lesson 3 Alcohol and Society p. 562

34. Health Terms • Binge drinking • Alcohol poisoning • Alcoholism • Delirium tremens (DT’s)

35. Patterns of Alcohol Abuse • Binge Drinking • Popular with some • High school students • College students • Takes the form of a social event or contest • Mistaken as no problem because drinking doesn’t occur every day • Alcohol Poisoning • 0.40 BAC • 5 times the legal limit for driving • Interrupts the brains ability to control breathing • Can lead to death

36. Alcoholism • Myth • Alcoholism is just a passing state • Alcoholics are easily recognized • **Alcoholics • Fact • Alcoholism is a disease • Many appear clean & orderly • need help**

37. Alcoholism cont’d • Traits of the Alcoholic • They are preoccupied with alcohol • Once they pick up a drink, they cannot promise or predict • What they say • How much they will drink • Cannot manage stress without alcohol • May have memory lapses with drinking • May have personality changes

38. Alcoholism cont’d • Stages of Alcoholism • Stage one: abuse • Begins with social drinking • Often to relax or relieve stress/depression • Gradually drinking becomes necessary to manage stress • A physical & psychological dependency develops • The drinker may have short-term memory loss • The drinker makes excuses for his/her drinking behavior • Alcohol tolerance increases • Labeled a “problem drinker”

39. Alcoholism cont’d • Stages of Alcoholism cont’d • Stage two: dependence • Gradually the person cannot stop drinking • The person is physically dependent on the drug • May drink alone and daily • Physical & mental problems become evident • More excuses are made for drinking • Drinker blames others • Defensive behavior is evident • Drinker denies or hides the problem • The body develops more tolerance • Drinking becomes central to the person’s life • Job/school performance decreases • Absenteeism increases

40. Alcoholism cont’d • Stages of Alcoholism cont’d • Stage three: addiction • Drinking is more important than anything else in the person’s life • The problem cannot be denied • The problem cannot be controlled • There may be hallucinations • Alcohol becomes a constant companion • Malnutrition • The person has fallen apart physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially • The person now has reverse tolerance; less alcohol to cause drunkenness • DT’s if alcohol consumption is stopped

41. Alcoholism cont’d • DT’s • Delirium Tremens • Hot and cold flashes • Severe tremors • Nightmares • Hallucinations • Fear of people and animals

42. Alcoholism cont’d • Alcoholism cannot be cured… • It can be treated. • 2/3 of alcoholics recover with proper treatment • Treatment goals is to control or stop alcohol intake • Support groups • AA or Alcohol Anonymous – for the alcoholic • Alateen – for the 12-20 year-old affected by an alcoholic • Al-Anon – for the person who are close to an alcoholic

43. Alcoholism cont’d • Costs to the Family • 3 million teen alcoholics • All stages of alcoholism plays a major role in the 4 leading causes of accidental death • Car crashes • Falls • Drownings • Burns • 20-30% of suicides

44. Alcoholism cont’d • Costs to the Familycont’d • Alcohol plays a major role • Domestic violence • Spousal & child abuse • Elderly abuse • Marital separation/divorce • Stressors & factors in troubled families • People who live with alcoholics are called codependents • They ignore their own needs and concentrate on the needs of the alcoholic • Often times damaging their own health

45. Alcoholism cont’d • Costs to Society • 100,000 Americans die from alcohol • relates incidents: • traffic crashes • homicides • suicides

46. Alcoholism cont’d • Costs to Society cont’d • Off the highway incidents • 6 million nonfatal • 15,000 fatalities • Industrial incidents • 40% fatalities • 47% injuries • Medical costs • $83 billion to drug abuse • $116 billion to alcohol abuse • Employer costs • Approximately $30 billion a year lost revenue

47. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free • “I don’t need it” • “I don’t have to drink to be popular” • “I don’t need to drink to be accepted, to have fun, or to act in some way that I usually wouldn’t”

48. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d • Saying NO to Alcohol • Takes a firm mental commitment • Practice what you are going to say • Keep the turn-down • Polite • Confident • To the point • Sometimes • Humorous • Creative

49. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d • Alcohol and Sexual Activity • Alcohol affects a person’s judgment and self control • Interfere with emotions, decisions, and behavior • Person’s how are shy or socially uncomfortable may use alcohol as an “ice-breaker” • Find themselves in a situation they later regret • Engage in sexual activity

50. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d • Alcohol and Sexual Activitycont’d • Extreme unhealthy behavior • HIV/AIDS • STD’s • Unplanned pregnancy • Ruined reputation • Date rape • Other violence