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King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England. King Philip II of Spain. Charles V ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery

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King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

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  1. King Philip II of Spain &Queen Elizabeth I of England

  2. King Philip II of Spain • Charles V • ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire • poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery • his son Philip received Spain etc. & his brother, the Holy Roman Empire • Philip II 1556-1598 • Spanish greatness: politically & culturally • defeated the Turkish Navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 • Crusader for Roman Catholicism: “Most Catholic King” • leader of the Counter Reformation • Belgium & the Netherlands (mostly Calvinist): part of Philip II’s Spanish Empire • Philip II tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands • William the Silent, Prince of the House of Orange, led the resistance • 1609 truce: northern states free → United Provinces of the Netherlands • Greatest part of the Spanish Empire: Central & South America, with some influence in North America

  3. Queen Elizabeth I of England • Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603) • head of State/Church • Church of England = Protestant, but moderate (Anglican → Episcopalian) • supported the weaker country (France/Spain) to keep the balance of power in Europe • King Philip II of Spain wanted take over England & end Protestantism (tried marriage & did not work) → Spanish Armada: fleet of warships • 1588 England won naval battles vs. Spanish Armada: a storm sent the Armada off-course & destroyed most of their ships, off coast of Scotland(“Protestant wind”) • internal threats: Mary, Queen of Scots (her cousin) • no heir:Mary’s son, James, becomes king!

  4. Spanish ArmadaMary: Queen of Scots

  5. Queen Elizabeth I vs. King Phillip II & the Spanish Armada • Queen Elizabeth's Confrontation: Spanish Ambassador • Queen Elizabeth’s Battle Speech: Spanish Armada • The Battle of Gravelines vs. Spanish Armada (1588 Storm)

  6. Revolutions in England • James IV of Scotland: new king of England upon Elizabeth’s death (James I of England) • divine right of kings: kings receive power from God & are only responsible to God for actions • conflict with Parliament: king/queen & Parliament ruled together • Puritans: wanted the Church of England to be more Protestant (purify the Church) • conflict with the King, led to fleeing to the Americas (i.e. the Pilgrims)

  7. James I

  8. English Civil War • Charles I fought Parliament & Puritans (arrested dissenters for treason) • 1642 Oliver Cromwell leads Parliamentary war vs. king • Roundheads (Cromwell) defeated Cavaliers (King) • Charles I executed January 30, 1649 (scared Europe!) • Cromwell: military dictator until death 1658 • Restoration of Parliament & the King(Charles II) • 3 children of Charles II: Catholic son (James II) & 2 Protestant daughters (Mary & Anne) • Parliament wanted to get rid of James II • invited his sister, Mary & her husband, William of Orange (…of Holland) to “invade” England

  9. English Civil War

  10. Glorious Revolution • William & Mary “invaded” • James II & his family fled • “Glorious Revolution”: almost NO bloodshed • 1689 William & Mary officially King/Queen after signing English Bill of Rights: • Parliament makes laws, sets taxes & consents to military acts • citizens: bear arms, jury trials & habeas corpus • sets foundation for limited/constitutional monarchy • Thomas Hobbes:horrified by revolutions • wrote Leviathan:humans obsessed with self-preservation & thus societies need strong governments to protect citizens • saw life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

  11. Glorious Revolution

  12. In Review… • Succession of English monarchs: • Elizabeth I (Tudor): NOheir(ends Tudor line) • James I (Stuart): Elizabeth’s nephew • Charles I (Stuart): James I’s son CIVIL WAR • Oliver Cromwell • Charles II (Stuart): Charles I’s son RESTORATION • James II (Stuart): Charles II’s son • William & Mary (of Orange): Charles II’s daughter GLORIOUS REVOLUTION • Anne: Charles II’s daughter & Mary’s younger sister Stuart line ends with NO heirs. House of Hanover (from German provinces) begins!

  13. Closure #1 • Explain the reasoning for the: 1. English Civil War 2. Restoration of the Stuarts on the English throne 3. Glorious Revolution with William & Mary

  14. Epitaph for Absolutists Create an epitaph for an absolute monarch! Include: -Name -Date they ruled or lived -Country -Catchy sentences with at least 3 facts about the person & what they did. Must be in color. Must draw the actual headstone or gravestone. Must be attractive & accurate. Will be hung outside…so make them NICE!

  15. Homework • Chapter Review: pgs. 562- 563 • Complete all of the respective questions. • Exclude the internet question!

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