1 / 69

High and Late Middle Ages 1050-1450

High and Late Middle Ages 1050-1450. Chapter 8. Royal Power Grows. Section 1. William the Conqueror. Who: King of England What: conquered England & set out to control the land Where: England (Normandy, France) When: 1028-1087; 1066*

agatha
Download Presentation

High and Late Middle Ages 1050-1450

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. High and Late Middle Ages1050-1450 Chapter 8

  2. Royal Power Grows Section 1

  3. William the Conqueror • Who: King of England • What: conquered England & set out to control the land • Where: England (Normandy, France) • When: 1028-1087; 1066* • Why: he conquered England to defeat his cousin & became king; change the power of England to the Normans

  4. William the Conq (wksht) • King of England- Edward- died w/o an heir • His brother Harold inherited it • But William said it was his • = conquer England to take the throne • = Anglo-Saxons gone- Normans are in charge

  5. Common Law • Who: Royal courts, Henry II • What: a legal system based on customs & court rulings • Where: England • When: 1154 AD • Why: unlike local feudal laws, this applied to all of England instead of just local; ppl brought disputes to royal courts instead of church; centralized the law

  6. Henry II (workbook) • Inherited the throne in England • Claimed rights to rule clergy (church officials) & the royal courts— • He developed common law & a jury system- unifying the legal system under one power • - no longer local law but one central law

  7. Jury • Who: group of men that spoke the truth, Henry II • What: group of men determined what cases would be brought to trial • Where: England • When: 1154 • Why: this was an early form of today’s Grand Jury; this led to trial jury- an accused person is judged by 12 of his neighbors

  8. King John • Who: son of Henry II, King of England • What: a clever, cruel, & untrustworthy ruler • Where: Enlgand • When: 1205 • Why: lost a war = lost land & popularity; argued w. the Pope over his choices; angered his nobles w. oppressive taxes & abuses = Magna Carta (limited his power)

  9. King John (workbook) • He abused power & overtaxed his nobles • = ppl unhappy • =Magna Carta = limited royal power

  10. Magna Carta • Who: King John, groups of rebellious barons (nobles) • What: a document that limited the king’s power due to his abuses • Where: England • When: 1215* • Why: this shaped the future of English government-- this said nobles had rights (eventually given to all ppl not just nobles), made it so that the monarch had to obey the law; also introduced due process of law & Habeas Corpus

  11. Due Process of Law • Who: King John, townspeople • What: a clause that prpotected freemen from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, &other legal actions • WherE: England • When: 1215 • Why: formed the basis of the rights we know &have today- we have rights even when being arrested

  12. Habeas Corpus • Who: citizens, people that are arrested • What: a right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime • Where: England, WE • When: 1215-today • Why: this right was later confirmed in the Petition of Right & is still around today protecting citizens from unjust arrest

  13. Parliament • Who: • What: • Where: • When: • Why:

  14. The Holy Roman Empire and the Church Section 2

  15. Holy Roman Empire • Who: Charlemagne; Otto I • What: empire that ruled throughout WE from Germany to Italy • Where: Central & Eastern Europe (Germany, Italy) • When: 1077- • Why: The Pope was the most powerful man on earth = he gave power of this Empire to the most trustworthy leaders (the Empire was “Holy”) ; largest Empire in Europe since the fall of Rome

  16. Henry IV • Who: King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor • What: leader of the HRE; was excommunicated by Pope in 1076 b.c. not following rules of Gregory VII • Where: Germany, HRE, WE • When: 1054- • Why: Henry fought w Pope Gregory VII; was excommunicated; later repented & was forgiven but he led an army to Rome to force Pope into Exile (fought about Lay Investiture)

  17. Henry IV (Workbook) • Actions: fought w. Pope Gregory VII about Lay Investiture; later repented but led an army to Rome to kick the Pope out • Effects: he was excommunicated by the Pope but later brought back into church; he signed the Concordat of Worms= took away his power to appoint religious leaders (= Pope more powerful)

  18. Gregory VII • Who: Pope • What: Pope that instituted many church reforms such as banning Lay Invest. • Where: Rome, Italy (WE) • When: 1054-1077 • Why: he banned the practice of Lay Investiture which caused an issue w. Henry IV; his policies created hatred & contempt b.c.ppl wanted to be independent from the church (secular)

  19. Gregory VII (Workbook) • Actions: caused controversy when he banned Lay Invest. ; excommunicated Henry IV for arguing about it • Effects: he wanted to make the church independent of secular rulers so he banned Lay Invest- making him the most powerful b.c. he now appointed all religious officials

  20. Lay Investiture • Who: Gregory VII vs. Henry IV • What: a church practice where an Emperor or lay person (not relig) vested a person as a religious official or presented bishops w. rings that symbolized their office • Where: Rome, Italy, (WE) • When: 1054-1077 • Why: this caused conflict b.n Greg VII & Henry IV which led to Henry’s excommunication; ppl were mad about Gregory VII banned this- they rebelled

  21. Frederick Barbarossa • Who: Holy Roman Emperor, known as “Red Beard” , ambitious German ruler • What: fought to bring cities into Italy under his control so he joined w. the Pope to have more control; he wanted to expand his Empire • Where: Germany, Italy • When: 1100-1200 • Why: he wanted to build an Empire from Baltic to Adriatic Seas ; he succeeds in expanding his Empire through marriage = German Emp. Are more deeply involved in Italian affairs

  22. Frederick Barbarossa (workbook) • Actions: he fought to expand his Empire & succeeded in bringing Northern Italy under his power • Effects: b.c. of his expansion Germany was more deeply involved in Italian affairs

  23. Pope Innocent III

  24. Pope Innocent III (Workbook)

  25. The Crusades Section 3

  26. Crusades • Who: European Christians vs. Muslims • What: a series of wars where Christians battled the Muslims over control of the Holy Land in the Middle East (ME) • Where: Middle East (ME) • When: 1096-1296 • Why: they learned that the world was larger than they thought & these encounters outside of Europe accelerated change w.in Europe – expand their economies (new goods); monarchs become more powerful;

  27. Crusades • Who: Christians vs. Muslims • What: a series of religious wars over control of the “Holy Land” for control of the Middle East • Where: Middle East (ME) • When: 1096-1291 • Why: European Christians found the world was much larger than they thought & their encounters outside of Europe accelerated change IN Europe- economies expand (new goods), monarchs increase in power

  28. Crusades • Who: European Christians vs. Muslim Turks • What: a series of religious wars fought over control of the Holy Land • Where: Middle East (ME) • When: 1096- 1291 • Why: Christians battled for control of land in the Middle East, West. Europeans learned the world was much larger than they thought & their encounters out of Europe accelerated change @ home- economies expand (new goods); the power of the monarchs increases

  29. Holy Land • Who: Muslims vs Christians • What: the land that Christians believed Jesus was from so it was the origin of their religion; Muslims believed it was the origin of theirs • Where: Jerusalem & Palestine (ME) • When: 1071 • Why: Muslims groups controlled this region which prevented Christians from being together; This land was fought over in the Crusades

  30. Holy Land • Who: Christians, Muslims • What: land in the Middle East where Christians believed Jesus lived & preached meaning it was the origin of their religious; Muslims felt the same about Muhammad here • Where: Jerusalem & Palestine, ME • When: 1071 • Why: this land was the start of both Muslim & Christian religions = Muslims had control here = Christians were prevented from being here = Crusades (war)

  31. Holy Land • Who: Muslim Turks vs. European Christians • What: loaction in the Middle East where Christians believed Jesus preached so it was their Holy Land; Muslim founder Muhammad was from here so it was theirs also • Where: Jerusalem & Palestine, ME • When: 1071 • Why: Muslims controlled this land= Christians couldn’t go here = Crusades (war) for control of the land

  32. Pope Urban II (3rd) • Who: Pope • What: got bishops & nobles to fight against the Muslim Turks for control of the Holy Land • Where: Rome, Italy, WE • When: 1095-1291 • Why: he wanted Christians to stop fighting each other & fight Muslims instead; he hoped this would increase his power; & he wanted to heal the split b.n the 2 churches (Orthodox & Catholic)

  33. Pope Urban II (6th) • Who: Roman Pope • What: gave Christian knights to the Byzantine Empire to help fight against Muslims in the Holy Land • Where: Rome, Italy, WE • When: 1095 • Why: he wanted to increase his power; he hoped to heal the schism (split) of the church & he wanted Christians to fight Muslims not other Christians

  34. Pope Urban II (7th) • Who: Pope • What: gathered Christian knights to fight for Christianity against the Muslim Turks • Where: Rome, Italy, WE; ME • When: 1095-1145 • Why: He hoped to increase his power in Europe; heal the schism (split) in the Byzantine & WE Christian churches; set the Crusades to fight Muslims instead of other Christians

  35. Reconquista (2nd ) • Who: Christian kingdoms • What: a campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian peninsula (Spain) • Where: Iberian peninsula, Spain • When: 1085-1491 • Why: the Christians sought out to take over Muslim lands- by 1300 Christians controlled the whole peninsula, Muslim influence remained strong; Ferdinand &Isabella completed the Recon. By making Spain all Christian

  36. Reconquista (6th) • Who: Christians vs. Muslims • What: the Christians strove to drive the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) and make it all Christian • Where: Iberian Peninsula, Spain, WE • When: 1085-1492 • Why: The Christian kingdoms wanted to push the Muslims out of Spain & they succeed- Ferdinand & Isabella complete the Recon. By getting rid of the Muslims

  37. Reconquista (7th) • Who: Christians vs. Muslims • What: Christians drive the Muslims off the Iberian peninsula to make it all Christian • Where: Iberian peninsula, Spain, WE • When: 1085-1492 • Why: Christians drove most of the Muslims out of Spain, they conquered most of Spain & tried converting them to Christianity

  38. Ferdinand & Isabella • Who: Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile • What: they married & unified Spain; pushed the Muslims out of Granada & completed the Reconquista • Where: Spain • When: 1469-1492 • Why: The Christians wanted to take over Muslim lands in Spain & end religious tolerance of other religions- Isabella wanted to convert everyone to Christianity– “Inquisition”; wanted to bring political & religious unity to Spain

  39. Ferdinand & Isabella (6th) • Who: King Ferdinand of Aragon; Queen Isabella of Castile • What: they married & unified Spain under 1 political power; they completed the Reconquista • WherE: Iberian peninsula, Spain, WE • When: 1469-1492 • Why: their marriage unified Spain; they pushed the Muslims out in the Reconquista & Inquisition

  40. Ferdinand & Isabella (7th) • Who: King Ferdinand of Aragon; Queen Isabella of Castile • What: they married & created a unified country called Spain • Where: Iberian peninsula, Spain, WE • When: 1469-1492 • Why: their marriage unified Spain; they pushed back Muslim Grenada which fell & completed the Reconquista; They led the Inquisition (they wanted to unify politically and religiously)

  41. Inquisition • Who: non- Christians & Muslims; Ferdinand & Isabella • What: a church court set up to try people accused of heresy (against the church) • Where: Spain • When: 1492- • Why: Jews & Muslims were forced to convert to Christianity or else they were tried by the Inquisition- many who refused were burned at the stake or expelled from Spain; 150000 fled- Spain suffered

  42. Inquisition (6th) • Who: Queen Isabella of Spain, Non-Christians (Jews & Muslims) • What: the church court that was set up to try people of heresy (going against the church) • Where: Spain • When: 1469-1492 • Why: the Christian church in Spain accused all non-Christians of heresy & punished them with death by burning at the stake OR they were expelled- 150000 non Christians fled Spain

  43. Inquisition (7th) • Who: Ferdinand & Isabella; non-Christians (Muslims & Jews) • What: a church court that was set up to try people of heresy (against the Christian church) • Where: Spain • When: 1469-1492 • Why: if you were non-christian (heretic)= punished by burning at the stake or being expelled; expelled all Jews & Muslims if they didn’t convert to Christianity- 150000 fled Spain

  44. Causes of the Crusades(worksheet for the top 4 bubbles) • Christians fought Muslims for control of the Holy Land • Seljuk Turks (Muslim) invaded the Byzantine Empire = prevented Christians from traveling to the Holy Land • Religious zeal- really excited about Christianity & fighting for it • Muslims continually sought to destroy Christian states = Christians defended them

  45. Causes of the Crusades(top 4 bubbles on wksht) • The Byzantine Emperor asked the Pope for Christian knights to help fight off the Muslim Turks who were invading the Byzantine Empire • Christian men were encouraged to fight in the name of Christ for control of the Holy Land for the Christians • Christian knights had not been allowed to enter the Holy Land, went to fight for their right to be in the Holy Land • The Muslims repeatedly sought to destroy the Christians states which caused the Europeans to fight against them

  46. Causes of the Crusades (top 4 bubbles) 7th • Christian knights wanted to fight Muslim Turks for control of the Holy Land • Pope Urban & monarchs wanted to increase the power in WE

  47. Effects of the Crusades(bottom 5 bubbles on wksht) • Christians failed in the Crusades & did not succeed in taking over the Holy Land (Muslims had control of Holy Land) • There was a bitter legacy of religious hatred. Both Christians & Muslims committed atrocities in the name of their religion- massacring other religions • Christians learned the world was larger than they thought = curious about the rest of the world = traveling • Economy expanded & improved= Christians were exposed to new goods from ME = trade increased • Monarchs’ power increased back in Europe

  48. Effects of the Crusades(bottom 5 bubbles) • Encouraged the growth of the Economy b.c. the Lords allowed peasants to pay w. $ • Monarchs’ power increased • Crusaders experienced ME = other culture = curiosity about the world = travel • People had religious hatred towards each other= atrocities against other religions = massacres of other faiths • Helped accelerated/speed up the pace of things in Europe = ppl are encouraged by other cultures

  49. Learning & Culture Section 4

  50. The Universities (Cause, workbook) • The church wanted better educated clergy • Wealthy townspeople sons hoped to qualify for higher church positions • Royal leaders needed literate men for the growing bureaucracies

More Related