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The Atom

The Atom. Chm 1.1.1. Essential Standards. Chm 1.1.1 Characterize the protons, neutrons, electrons by location, relative charge, relative mass (p=1, n=1, e=1/2000.) Use symbols A=mass number, Z=atomic number. What is an atom?.

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom Chm 1.1.1

  2. Essential Standards • Chm1.1.1 • Characterize the protons, neutrons, electrons by location, relative charge, relative mass (p=1, n=1, e=1/2000.) • Use symbols A=mass number, Z=atomic number

  3. What is an atom? • The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

  4. Sizing up the atom • Read pg. 103 silently

  5. Subatomic particle • 3 kinds of subatomic particles • Electrons, protons, and neutrons

  6. electrons • Negatively charges subatomic particles • e-

  7. protons • Positively charged

  8. neutrons • No charge or neutral

  9. nucleus • Each atom contains a nucleus • Inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons • Outside the nucleus is electrons

  10. Chart • See chart pg. 106 • Please copy in notes-change 1840 to 2000 • Which subatomic particle is the smallest?

  11. Mass number and atomic number • Elements are different because they contain different numbers of protons • The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus in the atom in that element • The symbol for atomic number is Z • The atomic number identifies the element and can be found on the periodic table

  12. Atomic number • Ex. Atomic number or Z for Oxygen=8 • Sulfur, Z=16 • Hydrogen, Z=1 • You try… • Boron (B), Z=? • Chlorine (Cl), Z=?

  13. Mass number • The total number of protons + neutrons in an atom • See table on page 110 • Add the number of protons and neutrons and see if that equals the mass number

  14. Mass number • Can be found on periodic table • mass number or A of Hydrogen (H)=1.00794 • Sulfur (S), A=32.066 • Chlorine (Cl), A=35.453 • You try… • Lithium (Li), A=? • Sodium (Na), A=?

  15. Mass number • The number of neutrons in an atom is the difference between the mass number and atomic number • Number of neutrons= mass # - atomic # • Let’s try oxygen • Neutrons = 16-8 • Neutrons=8

  16. Mass number • Number of neutrons= mass # - atomic # • How many neutrons does Chlorine (Cl)have?

  17. notation • The composition of any atom can be represented in shorthand notation using atomic # and mass # • The chemical symbol Au appears with 2 numbers written to its left • The atomic number is subscript • The mass number is superscript • Ex. 197/79 Au=Gold or gold-197

  18. Try it out • Practice pg 112

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