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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

This workshop addresses the growing threat of avian influenza and provides essential training on farm chemicals, emphasizing proper handling and storage to mitigate risks. Topics covered include hazard classes, safety precautions, pesticide storage, transportation, disposal, and FIFRA label requirements.

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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

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  1. The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program

  2. Threats & Problems • Farm Chemicals • Industrial Chemicals • Biological • Terrorism • Storage • Transportation • Proper Use

  3. Chemicals

  4. Hazard Class 1: Explosives • Background color: • Orange • Symbol: • Exploding ball

  5. Hazard Class 2: Gases • Background color: • Varies • Symbol: • Varies • Non-flammable gases, flammable gases, poisonous gases INHALATION HAZARD

  6. Hazard Class 3: Flammable Liquids • Background color: • Red • Symbol: • Flame • Flammable & combustible liquids

  7. Hazard Class 4: Flammable Solids • Background color: • Red & white candy striped • Blue if reacts with water • Flammable solids, spontaneously combustibles, dangerous when wet

  8. Hazard Class 5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides • Background color: • Yellow • Symbol: • Flaming ball

  9. Hazard Class 6:Poisons & Etiologic Materials • Background color: • White, with black lettering for poisons INHALATIONHAZARD

  10. Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Materials • Background color: • White on the bottom, yellow on the top • Symbol: • Trefoil

  11. Hazard Class 8: Corrosives • Background color: • Black on the bottom, white on the top • Symbol: • Piece of metal and a hand damaged by liquid • Acidsand bases

  12. Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous • Hazardous materials not specified in other classes

  13. Facility Markings • NFPA 704 Marking System

  14. Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) • Generally used on smaller transfer containers

  15. Farm Chemicals • Pesticides • Insecticides • Rodenticides • Fungicides • Herbicides • Fertilizers • Animal Medications • Cleaning Agents and Solvents

  16. Pesticide Safety • Reduce risk to exposure and injury • Follow labels and MSDS • Wear appropriate PPE • Use the least hazardous chemicals at the recommended rate and concentration • Prepare only enough for immediate use • Verify application equipment is working properly and does not leak • Don’t eat, drink or smoke while pouring, mixing or applying • Work in pairs • Clean all equipment thoroughly and without contaminating the environment • Wash work clothes separately • Wash hands thoroughly after handling

  17. Pesticide Safety • Take Additional Precautions • Have a first aid kit nearby and include resuscitation mask, eye wash solution, soap • Have fresh water available • Have all workers take first aid training • Check labels and MSDS for proper handling, application, • Check with nearby health care facilities for proper stock of antidotes and emergency supplies • Stop work and seek medical attention if there is any sign of muscular spasms, blurred vision, excessive saliva, or difficulty breathing

  18. Pesticide Storage • Store chemicals in a well-ventilated area • Store in shed with good lighting and has impervious floor and shelving • Use secondary containment • Store chemicals in original containers • Place an external sign indicating chemical storage • Keep incompatible materials separate • Keep a spill kit nearby • Keep away from food, animal feed, fertilizers and seeds • Have access to an emergency shower nearby

  19. Pesticide Transport • Avoid transporting with food, water, animal feed, fertilizers, seeds and reactive substances • Secure in or on vehicle to prevent movement and change in orientation. • Keep shipping documents or records of the items you are carrying • Carry a spill kit and appropriate personal protective equipment with the vehicle

  20. Pesticide Disposal • Take notice of warnings on the labels regarding toxicity to non-target areas • Check label/MSDS for advice on disposal • Triple rinse empty containers • Uncap, puncture and crush all rinsed containers • When possible return containers to supplier or manufacture • Check with local government authority for information on safe disposal

  21. FIFRA Label Requirements • Front Panel • Restricted Use Pesticide Statement (if applicable) • Product Name, Brand, Trademark • Ingredient Statement • Keep out of Reach of Children (KOOROC Statement) • Signal Word (Caution, Warning, Danger) • First Aid (Statement of Practical Treatment) • Skull & Crossbones “POISON” for high toxicity • Net Contents/Net Weight

  22. FIFRA Label Requirements • Front or Back Panel • EPA Registration Number & Establishment Number • Company Name and Address • Back Panel • Precautionary Statements (Hazards to Humans and Animals, Environmental Hazards, Physical and Chemical Hazards) • Directions for Use • Storage and Disposal • Warranty Statement • Worker Protection Labeling

  23. C.B.R.N.E Terrorism B R C iological adiological hemical N E uclear xplosive

  24. Toxicology • What's Toxic? How is it determined? • Physical Hazards - Mechanical • Fire, Heat, Explosions, Falling Objects • Health Hazards - Biological • Bodily Contact • Immediate and/or Delayed Reactions

  25. Dose • Concentration • percent, • PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg

  26. 1,000,000 ppm = % 100% 100,000 ppm = % 10% 10,000 ppm = % 1% 1,000 ppm = 0.1% 100 ppm = 0.01% 10 ppm = 0.001% 1 ppm = 0.0001% 1 ppb = 0.0000001% 1 ppt= 0.0000000001% Concentration

  27. ConcentrationWhich one is more toxic? Product A Product B Toxic effect when Toxic effect when exposed to exposed to 9,000 ppm 90 ppm

  28. Industrial Toxic Thresholds • By Inhalation • TLV/TWA - Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted, day to day exposure without adverse health effects (ACGIH) • STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit - may exceed TLV/TWA for up to 15 minutes but not to occur more than 4 times per day • TLV-C - should never exceed (ACGIH) • REL- Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)

  29. Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue) • By Inhalation • PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA) • IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (NIOSH) • LC50 - Lethal Concentration by inhalation (animal) anything less than 200 mg/kg is considered a poison

  30. Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue) • By Ingestion • LD50 - Lethal Dose by ingestion or skin absorption (animal) less than 200 mg/kg is considered a poison. • Carcinogens - cancer causing (N/A or no exposure)

  31. Industrial SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs & STEL) • Acetone – 750 ppm, 1,000 ppm • Unleaded Gasoline – 300 ppm, 500 ppm • Carbon Monoxide – 35 ppm, 400 ppm • Ammonia – 25 ppm, 35 ppm • Hydrogen Sulfide – 9.9 ppm, 15 ppm • Hydrogen Cyanide – 10 ppm • Chlorine – 1 ppm • Hydrazine – 0.1 ppm

  32. Chemical SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs & STEL) • Phosgene – 0.099 ppm • 2-chloroethyl sulfide – 0.0005 ppm • Lewisite – 0.0004 ppm • Tabun – 0.000017 ppm • Somin – 0.000004 ppm • VX (O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate – 0.0000009 ppm

  33. Relative Toxicity by Inhalation • >500 ppm - Toxic • 101-500 ppm - Moderately Toxic • 1-100 ppm - Highly Toxic • <1 ppm - Super Toxic • Based upon the lowest value listed for the substance, usually TLV/TWA, STEL or PEL

  34. Relative Toxicity by Ingestion • >5 gm/kg - Toxic • .5 gm-5gm/kg - Moderately Toxic • 50 mg-500 mg/kg - Highly Toxic • 1 mg-50mg/kg - Super Toxic • Based upon animal LD50 • gm of product per kg of body weight of target organism

  35. Dose • Concentration • percent, PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg • Duration of Exposure • Acute Vs Chronic, Sensitization • Routes • Inhalation, Ingestion, Absorption, Injection

  36. Dose (continued) • Susceptible Target Organs • Nervous System, Skeleton & Marrow, Thyroid, Lungs, Heart, Blood, Veins, Liver, Kidneys, Intestines, Skin • Health Variables • body weight, age, physical condition, gender • Dose/Response

  37. Physical Properties • Vapor Pressure - Rate of Evaporation • Vapor Density - wt of vapor Vs wt of air • Specific Gravity - wt of liquid Vs wt of water • Solubility - mixes with water • Flash Point - min temp to produce enough vapors to cause ignition but not sustain combustion.

  38. Physical Properties • Fire Point - min temp to produce enough vapors to sustain combustion • Boiling Point - temp at which liquid changes to gas at it’s maximum rate • Flammable Range - the percent of vapor in air that is able to burn • Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) - max percentage of vapor in air that will burn

  39. Physical Properties • Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) - min percentage of vapor in air that will burn • Expansion Ration - ratio of gas volume compared to liquid volume • pH - scale used to measure how corrosive • Ionizing radiation • alpha, beta, gamma, neutron • time, distance, shielding, quantity

  40. Reference Resources • Emergency Response Guidebook • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards • Internet • Farm Safety Handbook by Rick Kubick • MeisterPro Crop Protection Handbook • Jane’s Chem-Bio Handbook • InterNet Search Tools

  41. The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program hazmat@hawaii.rr.com

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