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Ions and Ionic Bonding

Ions and Ionic Bonding. Ions. Ions are atoms or groups of atoms with electrical charges, There are positive ions or cations , these elements are commonly called metals. There are negative ions or anions , these elements are commonly called non-metals.

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Ions and Ionic Bonding

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  1. Ions and Ionic Bonding

  2. Ions • Ions are atoms or groups of atoms with electrical charges, • There are positive ions or cations, these elements are commonly called metals. • There are negative ions or anions, these elements are commonly called non-metals. • Atoms become ions by losing or gaining electrons.

  3. Where does the Charge Come From? • Lets take Sodium…. • It has 11 positive protons and 11 negative electrons. • These charges cancel each other out and we say that a sodium atom is neutral. • The outer shell of a sodium atom holds only 1 electron, this is not a stable arrangement. • Every atom “prefers” to have a full set of electrons in its outer shell

  4. Where does the Charge Come From? • During chemical reactions, some atoms lose their outer electrons, while others gain one or more electrons to get a full set of electrons in their outer shell. • Atoms with 1, 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shell tend to lose their electrons to become positive ions or cations • Atoms with 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outer shell tend to gain electrons to become negative ions or anions

  5. Group 1 Example Loses 1 electron 11P 12N 11P 12N Sodium Atom Protons: 11+ Electrons: 11- Net Charge: 0 Sodium ion Protons: 11+ Electrons: 10- Net Charge: 1+

  6. Group 2 Example Loses 2 electrons 12P 12N 12P 12N Magnesium ion Protons: 12+ Electrons: 10- Net Charge: 2+ Magnesium Atom Protons: 12+ Electrons: 12- Net Charge: 0

  7. Group 17 Example Gains 1 electron 9P 10N 9P 10N Fluorine Atom Protons: 9+ Electrons: 9- Net Charge: 0 Fluorine ion Protons: 9+ Electrons: 10- Net Charge: 1-

  8. Group 16 Example Gains 2 electrons 8P 8N 8P 8N Oxygen Atom Protons: 8+ Electrons: 8- Net Charge: 0 Oxygen ion Protons: 8+ Electrons: 10- Net Charge: 2-

  9. Ion Formation • When non-metal atoms become negative ions, their names change. • Chlorine atoms become chloride ions • Bromine atoms become bromide ions • Group 1 metals become +1 ions • Group 2 metals become +2 ions • Group 3/13 elements become +3 ions • Group 7/17 elements become -1 ions • Group 6/16 elements become -2 ions • Group 5/15 elements become -3 ions

  10. Transition Metals and Compound Ions • Transition elements can form more than 1 type of ion. • You need to learn these ones. • Compound ions contain more than one type of atom chemically joined.

  11. Table of Ions

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