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Ions and Ionic bonding

Ions and Ionic bonding. Chemistry 2013. What’s in an atom? (review and new Info). Atoms are made up of 3 particles: Protons -Located in the nucleus (center of atom) Neutrons -Located in the nucleus (center of atom) Electrons -Located in cloud or shells around the nucleus

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Ions and Ionic bonding

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  1. Ions and Ionic bonding Chemistry 2013

  2. What’s in an atom? (review and new Info) • Atoms are made up of 3 particles: • Protons -Located in the nucleus (center of atom) • Neutrons -Located in the nucleus (center of atom) • Electrons -Located in cloud or shells around the nucleus -Outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell. -The number of electrons in the valence shell tells us how the atom will bond (with other atoms).

  3. Atom drawings… • Blue are electrons. • Red are protons. • White are neutrons. • This is a drawing of… • Carbon (C).

  4. The Octet Rule • The octet rule is… • -Atoms are most stable (content, happy, not reactive) when their valence (outermost) shells have 8 electrons. • The only elements that have eight electrons in their valence shell naturally are the noble gases.

  5. Noble Gases are on far right

  6. The 8 main groups of the periodic table 1 8 7 2 4 5 6 3

  7. Sodium and Chlorine example: Let’s make a deal! • Sodium (Na) had 1 electron in its valence shell and chlorine (Cl) had 7 electrons in its valence shell. • They both need 8 electrons in their valence shells to be stable. • It was easier for Na to give up 1 electron than try to gain 7 electrons. • It was easier for Cl to gain 1 electron than try to lose 7 electrons. • So, sodium gave up its 1 electron. The shell below the valence shell already has an octet (8 electrons). Therefore, sodium is now stable. • Cl gained 1 electron, so it now has 8 electrons in its valence shell, which makes it stable.

  8. Sodium (Group 1) and Chlorine (Group 7) 8 1 3 6 7 4 5 2

  9. Forming the bond • Sodium loses 1 electron so it has one less electron than Neon (Ne). Protons have a positive (+) charge so the Na will have an overall +1 charge because it lost 1 negatively charged electron. • This Sodium atom will now be a cation. (Positively charged ion). Na+ • Chlorine gains one electron so it has one more electron than Argon (Ar). Electrons have a negative (-) charge so the Cl atom will have an overall -1 charge because it gained 1 negatively charged electron. • This Chlorine atom will now be an anion (Negatively-charged ion). Cl-

  10. Sodium and Chlorine example: Let’s make a deal! • (Let’s draw out what happened when Na and Cl formed an ionic bond…) • Na: 1 valence electron Cl: 7 valence electrons • is shown by 1 dot are shown by 7 dots

  11. Sodium and Chlorine example: Let’s make a deal! • (Let’s draw out what happened when Na and Cl formed an ionic bond…) • When they form an ionic bond and exchange electrons, Na loses 1 electron and Cl gains that 1 electron. Now both have 8 in their valence shells (Na had 8 electrons in its next lowest shell)

  12. Which elements like to gain or lose electrons? • Metals (Groups 1-3) have less than 4 electrons in their valence shells. They would rather lose electrons to form cations. • Nonmetals (Groups 5-7) have more than 4 electrons in their valence shells. They would rather gain electrons to form anions.

  13. Groups 1-3 want to lose Electrons 8 1 3 6 7 4 5 2

  14. Groups 5-7 want to Gain Electrons 8 1 3 6 7 4 5 2

  15. Group 8 is happy how it is (already has a full 8 (Octet)) 8 1 3 6 7 4 5 2

  16. Group 4 can go either way (Gain or lose) depending on the atom… 8 1 3 6 7 4 5 2

  17. More examples • K and F • -K (Potassium) is in group 1 so it has 1 valence electron. • -F (Flourine) is in group 7 so it has 7 valence electrons. • -Which atom will… • -lose electrons? _______ How many?________ • -gain electrons? _______ How many?_______ • Which atom becomes a(n)… • -Cation?___________ • -Anion? ____________ K 1 1 F K+ F-

  18. More examples • Ca and S • -Ca (Calcium) is in group 2 so it has 2valence electron. • -S (Sulfur) is in group 6 so it has 6valence electrons. • -Which atom will… • -lose electrons? _______ How many?________ • -gain electrons? _______ How many?_______ • Which atom becomes a(n)… • -Cation?___________ • -Anion? ____________ Ca 2 2 S Ca2+ S2-

  19. Your turn – Turn this page in!Your name here:________________ • Al and N • -Al (Aluminum) is in group _____ so it has _____ valence electrons. • -N (Nitrogen) is in group ____ so it has ______ valence electrons. • -Which atom will… • -lose electrons? _______ How many?________ • -gain electrons? _______ How many?_______ • Which atom becomes a(n)… • -Cation?___________ • -Anion? ____________

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