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Two-Way Dual Immersion: From Theory to Practice . Veronika Lopez-Mendez, vlopez-mendez@sandi.net. Phonemic Awareness in Spanish . Yopp & Stapleton, 2008. Oral Language Development. Language in service of reading and writing Within Calle de Lectura day 1 & 2
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Two-Way Dual Immersion: From Theory to Practice Veronika Lopez-Mendez, vlopez-mendez@sandi.net
Phonemic Awareness in Spanish Yopp & Stapleton, 2008
Oral Language Development • Language in service of reading and writing • Within Calle de Lectura day 1 & 2 • Our primary objectives as Two-Way Immersion teachers: • Model Language • Teach with the aim to develop students oral language • Support students to apply language independently • Attend to the needs of both groups of students: English learners and Spanish learners
A Model for Developing Oral Language • Structured Oral Language lessons • Lesson Components: • Whole group modeling of the language frames (I do it) • Practice using the frames (We do it) • Independent application in writing (You do it) Scope and Sequence: phonics
The Bridge to Writing (you do it alone) • Language Frames/ Marcos de lenguaje ___________ se dedican a _____________. Ellos usan_________________. Usualmente los puedes encontrar en __________. Nosotros necesitamos a ___________________ porque __________________.
Should interventions be provided in students’ first language, second language or both? • Tara Fortune and Mandy Menke: Struggling Learners & Language Immersion Education • Provides an overview of the research and suggests that: • Consider the needs of each learner • More English doesn’t equal better results BUT less Spanish will affect the development of strong Spanish skills • Spanish speakers initially will benefit from Spanish interventions- monitor and add English interventions
How do we build Academic Language? • Teachers can change and shift language by: (read and comprehend) • Developing concepts- this ensures meaning making • Model increasingly sophisticated vocabulary and syntax • Set explicit expectations for students to USE modeled language • Ask student to talk about their thinking • Why do you think that? • Tell us what you are thinking? • What is the character thinking? Academic language is the language of books, school and thinking. Complex ideas cannot be expressed using conversational language
Teacher practice that impacts Academic Language • Modeling, Modeling, Modeling • Ask questions that make children think- Questions don’t have answers instead they spark discussion • Ask open ended questions, make students link discussion back to the text • Show us what in the text made you think that? • When you ask what happened- you get a retell! Scope and Sequence: comprehension skills & strategies
How to encourage talk….. • Frame your prompts/questions so that students are expected to say more than just “the right answer”: • Tell me what makes you think that? • I’m wondering why the character….. • Why do you think that? What are you thinking about…? • Let’s look at this part, what do you think about this part? • Move away from “what happened” question- that just gives you a retell. • Every student needs to have repeated opportunities to talk
Supporting through small group instruction • Types of small group lessons (After reading) • Repeated reading of a text used with the whole group • Front loading of text that will be used with the whole group • Lessons can be to reinforce a strategy or teach a skill • Lessons that focus of a language function
1st grade lesson Focus is to build Academic Language
Student expectations • Expect that all students will be thinking and ready to TALK • Don’t let students create their own story- hold them accountable for thinking and the text • Hold onto what the text says- Where in the text does it say that? • Organize the instructional day so that students have multiple opportunities to talk • Neediest students need the highest expectations
Planning for Academic Language… • Text selection is critical- use grade level appropriate text that will spark rich discussions • Know the text • The story has to be strong both cognitively and emotionally • Figure out where to linger- what will you ask? What will you model? • When kids get stuck-model