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W.R.A.P W omen R eproduction A nd P olitics. Present by Anita Lam, Carol Tsang and Ann Hagan. Content . Women in Hong Kong Politics – Anita Women ’ s Political Participation in the United States and Hong Kong – Carol Sex Education in Hong Kong - Ann. Women in Hong Kong Politics .
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W.R.A.PWomenReproductionAndPolitics Present by Anita Lam, Carol Tsang and Ann Hagan
Content • Women in Hong Kong Politics – Anita • Women’s Political Participation in the United States and Hong Kong – Carol • Sex Education in Hong Kong - Ann
Women in Hong Kong Politics • Political participation: formal or informal and direct or indirect • narrow-based: formal and direct (engagement in political party)
I. General View in HK Politics (2004) • Number of women in new principal officials = 2/14 • Number of women in Legco = 11/60 (noted: Chairperson is a female) • Number of women in District Council = 99/527
2004 Legislative Council Election Female politicians (geographical constituency) received wide support Eg Ms Audrey Eu and Emily Lau • Increase in number and importance of women in political activities • Yet, have problems in work, family and sex discrimination
II. Work • Interviewees: Ms So and Ms Lung • Occupation: Full-time District Council members • District Council Services: members of different committees • Irregular working hours + lots of meetings Difficulty in balancing work and family life
III. Family • Traditional belief: women stay at home and take care of the housework and children • Ms So: single, but feels stressful whenever her parents urge her to get married • Ms Lung: married, supportive husband and children but guilty for less time for her family
IV. Sex Discrimination • Low awareness of gender equality by the public • Unfavorable electoral arrangements
V. Future • Fact: Male-dominance in Hong Kong politics • Yet, MORE well-educated women will actively join the political activities Eg. Voting, creating political groups • Brighter future for women
Women’s political participation in the United States and Hong Kong • How they represent themselves and the citizens in the civil society • Seven student interviews, interview with one HK female politician, AAF, FPAHK, the Mother’s Choice and two sociology professors
A. Limited political participation in both US orVirginia and HK • Conservatism in the southern part of Virginia • Conservative Republican platform in some states in the US • On the whole Americans may not support the women to become a politician • Women in the New Territories may have limited representation • Education level of women
B. Politics is a gendered and men’s game • Politics is dominated by men but in principles it is not a men’s game • Situation in the Boy’s Club • Women’s position in politics is strongly affected by historical changes • Both societies are changing
C. More sacrifices • People will vote for men in general in the US if they have little understanding of the issue • Women may run the risk of being discriminated if they act in an aggressive and masculine manner • Women who are curvaceous and sexy may be considered unprofessional
D. No woman wants to become a politician • How to play the game • A restricted career • Compromising with her future spouse • Enhancing women’s participation in politics by educating themselves about the news and by voting
E. Women’s politics, sexuality and sex education • American and Hong Kong women face similar difficulties in their political career or participation • Women’s political position and their sexual rights • Are masculinity and aggressiveness the necessary qualities? • Women’s own identities • The importance of sex education
Field Research • W&M Students • HKU surveys • HKU student interview • Men, Women and Sex student interviews • AAF • FPAHK • Mother’s Choice • Dr. Anita Chan • Dr. Petula Ho
Why Sex Education? • Low, declining birth rate • Importance of Sex Education to Civil Society • Questions??? -where? -valid/reliable? -accessible? -organizations? -acceptance? http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=hk&v=25
Student Surveys • Sex in Hong Kong • Local, Private, International School • Main Sources • Adjectives -exciting(3) -embarrassing(3) -necessary(3) -serious(2) -optimistic -shy(2) -interesting -lacking -excellent - nervous -good -doubtful -argumentative -exotic -essential -entertaining -anticipated -happy -educating -funny -important -private
Men, Women, and Sex • Comprehensive course on sex, contraception, gender relations, equality, human rights, and sexual orientation • Lessons and Methods • Why did these students take this class? • Changes in opinions
Sex Education Organizations • Association for the Advancement of Feminism • Family Planning Association of HK -Definition of Sex Education -Frontline programs -Training -Resources • Mother’s Choice -Services -Confronting Myths -Misinformation
Dr. Anita Chan • -Men, Women, and Sex • -AAF member • -AAF group member of Sex Education Research • -Attitude towards sex • -Informed youth? • -Future for Sex Education • Dr. Petula Ho • -Negative Sex Education • -Why are people not having sex in HK? • -What is sex education? • -Condom Taboo • -Sex roles in society Professor Interviews
Conclusions • Positive Changes, passionate leaders • Much more work to do • Internet and Media • Governmental interest in Sex Education • Progress of Civil Society