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Feline R eproduction

Feline R eproduction. ABDUL SAMIK DEPARTEMENT OF VETREINARY REPRODUCTION FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE-UNAIR. Reproductive Tract. Oviduct. Ovarian Bursa. Ovary. Bladder. Uterine Horn. Uterine Body. Cerivx. Urethra. Vagina. Vestibule. Clitoris. Vulva. Ovary in Bursa.

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Feline R eproduction

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  1. Feline Reproduction ABDUL SAMIK DEPARTEMENT OF VETREINARY REPRODUCTION FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE-UNAIR

  2. Reproductive Tract Oviduct Ovarian Bursa Ovary Bladder Uterine Horn Uterine Body Cerivx Urethra Vagina Vestibule Clitoris Vulva

  3. Ovary in Bursa Ovarina Bursa Follilcles Oviduct Opening to Bursa Ovary Uterine Horn

  4. Anatomy of Tom Bulbourethral Gland Scrotum Kidney Rectum Testis Ureter Bladder Glans Penis Ductus Deferens Prostate Gland Cornified Spines Urethra Os Penis Glans Penis

  5. Reproductive Anatomy of Tomcat Ductus Deferens Ureter Scrotum Glans Penis Urethra Prostate Gland Bladder

  6. Cat: Reproduction Data • Estrus cycle duration 14 days • Estrus duration 3-6 days • Type of ovulation induced • Mating methods 1M /1-15F • Gestation 64-66 days • Litter size 3-6 • Litters / year 2 • Weaning age 4-5 weeks

  7. Feline Physiology and Reproduction Reproduction in the Queen Average age of puberty in the queen:10 months (range 4-18). Queen is seasonally polyestrous breeder in that photoperiod controls the period of cyclicity. Breeding season: is from March to September. Actually split seasons with January to March and August to October. Queen is anestrous during late fall and winter. Household queens can cycle during winter with lights in house giving 12 to 14 hours of light.

  8. Estrous Cycle Proestrus: Duration one day or less Characteristic: Rolling, head rubbing, vocalization, crouching often with rear quarters elevated, treading movement of feet but still rejecting male. Estrous Cycle of Queen Reproductive cycle in the queen is similar to other species with one unique difference. Queen requires copulation to stimulate ovulation. Average length of the estrous cycle is 14 to 21 days. Estrus will last approximately 7 days followed by a period of non-receptivity for 10 days if no mating occurs.

  9. Estrus: Duration is 6 to 7 days. • Characteristic: Increase intensity of proestrus activity • but will now accept male. Acceptance allows mating • with deviation of tail to one side and permission of • Tom to grasp her neck, mount and copulate • Metestrus: Duration is 1 to 2 weeks • Characteristic: Following non-ovulation (no mating) • there is no acceptance of male and loss of signs of heat. • Psuedopregnancy: • Sterile mating induces ovulation of follicles and formation of CL release progesterone which is maintained for 35-45 days

  10. Generic Physiology of Spontaneous Ovulators

  11. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus Estrogen FSH Proestrus GnRH FSH

  12. Spontaneous ovulation - Diestrus Estrogen LH Estrus GnRH Corpus luteum Ovulation LH Progesterone

  13. Generic Physiology of Induced Ovulators

  14. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus Estrogen FSH Proestrus GnRH FSH

  15. Induced ovulation - Diestrus Vaginal stimulation Ovulation GnRH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH Corpus luteum LH LH LH LH Progesterone

  16. Physiology of the Queen as an Induced ovulator

  17. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus Estrogen FSH Proestrus GnRH FSH

  18. No neural response Feline without induced ovulation Ooocyte degeneration Follicular atresia No vaginal stimulation

  19. Inactive ovaries Interestrus - 1-10 days

  20. No Ovulation Estrous Cycle(s) of the Queen Pro/Estrus Interestrus

  21. Insufficient vaginal stimulation results in insufficient LH to cause ovulation and results in the queen entering: Anestrus or interestus

  22. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus Estrogen FSH Proestrus GnRH FSH

  23. Vaginal stimulation Inadequate GnRH Feline insufficient vaginal stimulation LH Follicular atresia LH LH LH Inadequate or short-lived LH Ooocyte degeneration Insufficient LH release and binding Insufficient vaginal stimulation

  24. Inactive ovaries Interestrus - 1-10 days

  25. No Ovulation Estrous Cycle(s) of the Queen Pro/Estrus Interestrus

  26. Sufficient vaginal stimulation LH Results in queen entering Ovulation Diestrus or pseudopregnancy Corpus luteum Progesterone

  27. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus Estrogen FSH Proestrus GnRH FSH

  28. Induced ovulation - Diestrus Vaginal stimulation Vaginal stimulation Vaginal stimulation Ovulation GnRH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH After day 3 estrus > 2 hours apart LH Corpus luteum LH LH LH LH Progesterone

  29. Diestrus or Pseudopregnancy 40 Day Duration (not like dog) Corpus luteum Progesterone

  30. Diestrus or Pseudopregnancy After 40 days have luteal degeneration Corpus luteum Progesterone Go into anestrus or interestrus

  31. Inactive ovaries Interestrus - 10-14 days

  32. Ovulation Estrous Cycle(s) of the Queen 10-14 days Pro/Estrus Interestrus Diestrus 40 days

  33. Induced ovulation - Pregnancy Breeding Breedihng Breeding Ovulation GnRH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH After day 3 estrus > 2 hours apart LH Corpus luteum LH LH LH LH Progesterone

  34. Hormonal Changes during Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy Copulation LH Parturition EstradiolProgesterone Heat Heat 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Days

  35. Mating of Queen induces LH surge for Ovulation • Mating by male induces ovulation but it takes approximately • a minimum of 4 matings to induce ovulation in queen. • Male may breed 10x/hour (WOW!!!) • The penial spines on the cranial end of the Tom’s penis • induces the stimulation of the vagina for the LH surge to • ovulate. Duration of Gestation in Queen: 63-66 days Pregnancy Diagnosis: Abdominal Palpation: 20-30 days

  36. Average age at: 9 months. Semen Characteristics: Volume: 0.04 ml Total Sperm 15-130 x 106 Motility 60-95%

  37. Breeding and Mating Behavior • Cats are nocturnal • Female in heat crouches, rolls • stamps hind feet and raises pelvis • Male detects female through • pheromones • Female bends tail to one side and male bites back of neck to insert penis. • When penis is withdrawn, female will move forward and give out the “copulation cry”. • The copulation cry is thought to be caused by the penial spines as • the penis is withdrawn. • Breeding is repeated several times

  38. Breeding and Mating Behavior

  39. Pregnancy Ova spread throughout uterus in 6 - 8 days Oocytes enter oviducts 4- 5 days post breeding Fertilization in the oviducts 65 Day Duration Sperm cells are moved to oviducts

  40. Inactive ovaries Anestrus - 14 - 40 days

  41. Ovulation/Fertilization Estrous Cycle(s) of the Queen Pro/Estrus Interestrus Pregnancy

  42. Termination of Pregnancy • Cabergoline was given orally (n=5; 50 µg/cat/day) for five consecutive days. • Prostaglandin F2 was administered SC (n=5; 2.5 mg/cat/day) for five consecutive days. • Both cabergoline (n=5; 50 µg/cat/day) and prostaglandin F2. (2.5 mg/cat/day) were administered.

  43. ESTRUS COITUS NO COITUS OVULATION NO OVULATION ESTRUS NO CONCEPTION CONCEPTION PSEUDOPREGNAN CY (30-50 DAYS) ABORTION PREGNANCY 65 DAYS NO LACTATION LACTATION ESTRUS (3-16 DAYS LATER) ESTRUS 3-16 d LATER PROLONGED INTERES TRUS, 35 d ANESTRUS 45-150 d ESTRUS

  44. Parturition • Similar to other species in events and hormonal control • Dystocia rare - caesarian • Uterine inertia - oxytocin

  45. Control of Estrus • Ovariohysterectomy • Induction of Ovulation • HCG • Vaginal Stimulation • Prevention of estrus • progestins

  46. Disorders of the Queen • Psuedo-pregnancy • Mating to sterile male • Vaginal stimulation or hormonal stimulation • Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (Pyometra) • Same as in bitch • Failure to cycle • Stress, poor nutrition, disease, inadequate light, cystic follicles

  47. Diseases of the Tom Cat • Spraying • Castration • Cryptochid • Descended at birth • Treatment is castration

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