How Energy Efficiency and Demand Response can Help Air Quality Presentation to the California Electricity and Air Qual

1. MAPMAP

2. Presentation Outline Summary of Major Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Goals in California Demand Side Management Framework Valuing Emissions Current Research – Automating Demand Response Findings and Future Research Needs

3. Integrated Demand Side Management Model

4. California’s Aggressive Energy Efficiency & Demand Response Goals Electricity - 16,000 GWh and 2 MW by 2010 - enough for 1.8 million homes and double past goals Natural Gas - savings doubled - savings in 2010 supply 250,000 to 300,000 homes Demand Response - Price-responsive DR goal = 5% of peak by 2007 (~ 10 GW) Combined Savings - reduces CO2 by more than 9 million tons/yr by 2013, equivalent to 1.8 million vehicles (40% of Bay Area) off the road

5. Energy Efficiency, Load Management, DR

6. Western Region Electricity Generation Change or reduction in emission from efficiency and DR depend on electricity generation mix during the time the electricity is reduced or shifted

7. Environmental Adders Adjust Costs For Emissions

8. Time Dependant Valuation in Building Codes Considers when Electricity is Used

9. Introduction to Automated Demand Response in Large Buildings

10. Auto-DR System Communications We developed Automated Demand Response Server (ADRS) 1st year, we had 5 participant sites ? XML Signal Polling Client Software ? Advanced web-enabled EMCS ? These sites received AB970 2nd year, we increased number of sites ? Recruited from wider range of participants ? Including both web-enabled and conventional EMCS ? Internet relay ? Pinhole on Firewall, Lower network security 3rd Year, incorporated with PG&E’s real CPP Program. ? Increasing network security concern. ? Client & Logic Integrated Relay (CLIR) Box ? LINAX-based PC where the polling client software has been already programmed. No need for software programming.We developed Automated Demand Response Server (ADRS) 1st year, we had 5 participant sites ? XML Signal Polling Client Software ? Advanced web-enabled EMCS ? These sites received AB970 2nd year, we increased number of sites ? Recruited from wider range of participants ? Including both web-enabled and conventional EMCS ? Internet relay ? Pinhole on Firewall, Lower network security 3rd Year, incorporated with PG&E’s real CPP Program. ? Increasing network security concern. ? Client & Logic Integrated Relay (CLIR) Box ? LINAX-based PC where the polling client software has been already programmed. No need for software programming.

11. Significant short-term peak reductions demonstrated for several dozen sites (avg. 10%) Cost to automate DR is minimal Minimal impact to occupants and tenants Persistent savings demonstrated over 4 summers of field tests Automation reduces labor costs for participation Automation increases reliability to utilities and ISO Automation standardizes response strategies Vast majority of sites shed rather than shift electricity use

13. California has aggressive goals for energy efficiency and demand response The majority of efficiency and demand response measures provide direct reductions in emissions by displacing supply Continue advanced controls and automation research for key market segments Lack of feedback hampers change in end-use Future Research Need better data on end-use operating strategies and motivations to change energy use technologies and patterns Need better feedback to customers on energy use data, costs, and emissions associated with consumption