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Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of biological classification, grouping organisms based on their similar characteristics. This system helps in identifying and finding information on different organisms, as well as showing their evolutionary relationships.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy

  2. I. General Information • Definition: the study of classification. • Why group things? • Makes it easier to find information on an organism. • Makes it easier to identify an organism. • Shows evolutionary relationships.

  3. Taxonomy Microbiology 2314

  4. Taxonomy The science of biological classification, by grouping organisms with similar characteristics.

  5. Three Interrelated Parts of Taxonomy • Classification Arrangement into groups • Nomenclature Assignment of Names • Identification Determining Identity

  6. Plantae Bacteria Fungi Algae Plants Two Kingdom System(Proposed by Aristotle)

  7. Animalia Animals Protozoa Two Kingdom System

  8. Problem with Aristotle’s Classification System: If it was green, it was a plant regardless of other features.

  9. Five Kingdom System • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi • Protista • Procaryote/Monera

  10. Animalia • Multicellular • Heterotrophs

  11. Plantae • Multicellular • Photoautotrophs

  12. Fungi • Absorptive Chemoheterotrophs • Decomposers

  13. Protista • Unicellular • Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

  14. Monera(Bacteria)

  15. Six Kingdom System

  16. Three Domain System(Difference in rRNA and Cell Wall in Procaryotic Organisms) • Domain Eukaryae All Eukaryotic Organisms • Domain Eubacteria True Bacteria and Cyanobacteria • Domain Archaea Ancient “Extreme” Bacteria

  17. Taxonomic Hierarchy Domain (Carl Woese 1978) Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Family Genus Species

  18. Domains

  19. Carolus Linnaeus 1753 • Kingdom Through Species • Binomial Nomenclature • Bacillus subtilis • Bacillus subtilis • 3. Common/Descriptive Names • Tubercule Bacillus • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  20. Dichotomous Keys 1a. Bean round Garbanzo Bean 1b Bean elliptical or oblong Go to 2 2a Bean white White Navy 2b Bean dark Go to 3 3a. Bean evenly pigmented Kidney Bean 3b Bean pigmentation mottled Pinto Bean

  21. Phylogenetic Classification • Genetic Similarity and Evolutionary Relatedness Reflects Genetic Similarity and Evolutionary Relatedness

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