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Warm Up

Warm Up. Describe the cartoon. Why is the man in chains? What are all the tags? How does this relate to imperialism?. Imperialism in China. Silk Route. Present Day Trade Balance with China. A. Imperialism in China . Chinese had firm traditions  stable & secure

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Describe the cartoon. • Why is the man in chains? • What are all the tags? • How does this relate to imperialism?

  2. Imperialism in China

  3. Silk Route

  4. Present Day Trade Balance with China

  5. A. Imperialism in China • Chinese had firm traditions stable & secure • looked down at outsiders • strong agricultural economy • foreign traders brought new products – (food) – led to population boom in 1700s • Strong mining and manufacturing • Many natural resources – salt, tin, silver, iron ore • Produced silks, cottons, porcelain

  6. Imperialism in China • 3. Tea/Opium Connection • China was self sufficient  did not need to trade WITH West but did want to trade TO West • British wanted to find a product Chinese would want OPIUM! used as pain reliever in Chinese medicine highly addictive over 12 million were hooked by 1830

  7. History of Drugs in China • Opium in China

  8. Imperialism in China • “By what right do they (British Merchants) …use the poisonous drug (opium) to injure the Chinese people?...I have heard that the smoking of Opium is strictly forbidden by your country…Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.” • Lin Zexu, quoted in China’s Response to the West

  9. Opium Wars • Opium Wars

  10. Imperialism in China • Opium War • The British refused to stop trading OPIUM • China begins naval battle with British to stop sale of Opium • China easily DEFEATED • Effects • HONG KONG given to G.B. • extraterritorial rights given to GB – exempt from laws at ports

  11. Imperialism in China • C. Issues in China • POPULATION had grown dramatically • Food supply lacking • Government CORRUPTION • Opium use INCREASING WHAT’S A NATION TO DO? Overthrow the government, of course! TAIPING REBELLION & BOXER REBELLION

  12. Self Strengthening Movement • Effects of Instability in China • Foreigners import resources for MILITARY • China loses trade balance • Increasing WESTERN INFLUENCE • Foreigners attack • Other countries capitalize on China’s weaknesses • Resulting treaties lead to “FOOTHOLDS”—spheres of influence

  13. Self Strengthening Movement

  14. Self Strengthening Movement • Phase 1 – Military • Phase 2 – Economy • Phase 3 – Government

  15. Quick review

  16. Warm-up “The United States will eventually have to overhaul its archaic, sclerotic education system. At present, poorly prepared high school students flood the job market and universities, creating a logjam … and the universities are burdened by having to create new layers of remedial courses to compensate for the poor high school education system” – MichioKaku

  17. Imperialism in Japan

  18. Japan modernizes 1600s - Japan begins isolation from other nations Shoguns protect and control peasants Time of peace and prosperity Traded w/ Chinese and Dutch

  19. Japan Changes Direction During the Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912 Commodore Matthew Perry

  20. 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry“Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!

  21. What Did the U. S. Want?? • Coaling stations. • More trading partners. • A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

  22. Perry’s “Black Ships”

  23. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854 Commodore Matthew Perry steams into Tokyo and demands relations Japan opens 2 ports for US ships to take on supplies US sets up embassy

  24. The Treaty of Kanagawa - 1854

  25. Japan Learns a Lesson! In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai… The Chinesehave become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

  26. China’s “Unequal Treaties” • After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.

  27. The Shi-shi (“Men of High Purpose”) • Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan. • They believed that: • Japan was sacred ground. • The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God. • Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent. • Their slogan Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!

  28. The Meiji Revolt - 1868 • A powerful group of samurai overthrow the Shogun. • Sakamoto Ryoma, the hero. • He helped Japan emerge from feudalism into a unified modern state.

  29. The Shogunate Is Overthrown! • The last Shogun. • Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

  30. The Emperor Is “Restored” to Power MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”

  31. Meiji Era Begins: 1867-1912 Emperor Mutsuhito “Enlightened Rule” under Emperor Mutsuhito Mutsuhito believes Japan must adopt western ways to keep westerners out Massive modernization

  32. Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s? Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened

  33. Modernization by “Selective Borrowing” • Popular board game. • Start by leaving Japan & studying in various Western capitals. • End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official.

  34. EuropeanGoods • Europe began to“loom large” in the thinking of many Japanese. • New slogan:Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!

  35. The Japanese Became Obsessedwith Western Styles Civilization and Enlightenment!

  36. Everything Western Was Fashionable!

  37. Everything Western Was Fashionable! Japanese soldiers with their wives.

  38. The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dress Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912)

  39. Changing Women’sFashions The First“Miss Japan”(1908) 1900 Styles

  40. LandRedistribution Westernizethe SchoolSystem(Fr. & Ger.) Abolitionof the feudal system ModernBankingSystem Modernize the Army(Prussian) MeijiReforms WrittenConstitution(Germans) Build aModern Navy(British) Human Rights & ReligiousFreedom EmperorWorshipIntensified

  41. A Constitutional GovernmentCopied from the Germans Satsuma & Choshu Families The Emperorof Japan The Diet(Legislative Body) 1889 Constitutionof Japan House ofRepresentatives House of Peers

  42. Expansionism& the Rise of Military Power New players on the block?

  43. Sino-Japanese war: 1894 • Japan attacked Chinese troops in Korea • Japanese destroyed Chinese navy • Drove China out of Korea

  44. Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895 The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the Sino-Japanese War

  45. Soldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese War The Treaty of Shimonoseki ended the war.

  46. Russo-Japanese war: 1904 James Bradley, Flyboys

  47. The Russo-Japanese War:1904-1905 The Battle of Tsushima:The results startled the world!

  48. Japan Is a Player in China

  49. Russo-Japanese war: 1904 Japan launches surprise attack on Russians off the coast of Manchuria Russians refuse to stay out of Korea

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