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Prepositions and postpositions

Prepositions and postpositions. Prepositions: preposition – noun. English: count for me  prep noun Postpositions: noun – postposition. Witsuwit’en: [ s- pe c’o  t « w] me for you (sg.) count noun postposition ‘count for me’.

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Prepositions and postpositions

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  1. Prepositions and postpositions Prepositions: preposition – noun. English:count for me  prep noun Postpositions: noun – postposition. Witsuwit’en: [s- pe c’ot«w]me for you (sg.) count noun postposition ‘count for me’

  2. Affixation to postpositions

  3. Morphological analysis

  4. Morphological analysis (revised) Prefixes to nouns/postpositions:

  5. Affixation to verbs • Unusual features • Position class morphology: (prefix order restrictions) prefix-prefix-prefix-...-verb root-suffix • Discontinuous morphemes

  6. Some verbs (dictionary entry) • -jin 'sg./du. stand' • -tseq ‘be lightweight’ • -/as ‘du./group goes, walks • O-u-jin ‘pick O (berries) while stationary’

  7. Some verbs (actual words) • Minimally: dictionary form of verb+‘tense’ • [sa n«/a] ‘the sun/moon is going’ • sa ‘sun, moon’ • -a 'sun, moon goes' • n«- continuative (‘round-trip’) • [sa ia] ‘the sun/moon is moving' • i-...- progressive

  8. Position class morphology Verb prefix positions: postposition/adverbial – iterative – multiple plural – negative – incorporated root – inceptive – distributive plural – pronominal object/subject – qualifier – tense/neg – subject – valence Root Suffix positions: negative - tense [sa ia] ‘the sun/moon is moving' i- tense + -a root + -  tense

  9. Some more verb words 1. [tci ujin] 'he/she is picking huckleberries' O-u-jin 'pick O (berries) while stationary‘ O- u - jin (object required) qualifier –root - imperfective (tense position)   0 / u ___ Prefix positions: postposition/adverbial – iterative – multiple plural – negative – incorporated root – inceptive – distributive plural – pronominal object/subject – qualifier –tense/neg – subject – valence Root Suffix positions: negative - tense

  10. 2. [c'ojin] 'he/she is picking' c'- unspecified object (pronominal object/subject position) (c’ + u  c’o) Prefix positions: postposition/adverbial – iterative – multiple plural – negative – incorporated root – inceptive – distributive plural – pronominal object/subject –qualifier –tense/neg – subject – valence Root Suffix positions: negative - tense

  11. 6. [wec'onthzisjit] 'I won't pick (round things)‘ th- future (qualifier position) i- (tense position) - (tense position) // + / t /n/  0 / ___ C]syllable Prefix positions: postposition/adverbial – iterative – multiple plural – negative – incorporated root – inceptive – distributive plural – pronominal object/subject –qualifier –tense/neg –subject – valence Root Suffix positions: negative - tense

  12. Morphological structure 'I'm not going to pick (round) things' negative round 1 sg. subject [we- c‘- o- n- th- [] z- i- s- ji -t -] unspecified object future ‘pick (berries) while stationary’

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