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Conflict Over Religion

Conflict Over Religion . Israeli – Arab Conflict & Others. Not really Palestine conflict  between arab states. Content Page. Case Study : Arab Israeli Conflict 4 major wars – 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973 Causes and Consequences of each war Peace Establish Recent Blows Conclusion

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Conflict Over Religion

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  1. Conflict Over Religion Israeli – Arab Conflict & Others Not really Palestine conflict  between arab states

  2. Content Page • Case Study : Arab Israeli Conflict • 4 major wars – 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973 • Causes and Consequences of each war • Peace Establish • Recent Blows • Conclusion • Conflict caused by Religion • Judaism Vs Islam • Israel Vs Arab (Muslim Countries)

  3. Introduction on Conflict caused by Religion • Used to justify action • Motivate Masses, garner support • Hardly ever the integral, underlying reason (MAJOR ones) • Common Reasons: • Property • Wealth • Influence • Power • Religion for small matters.

  4. ` Population 50 folds Territory 650 folds GDP/Capita $18000 vs $3700

  5. Israeli – Palestine Conflict • Historical Claim over land • Date back to 1250 BC • Canaan (Israel) • Roman 2000 yrs – British, Ottoman, Is & Chr • 70AD – Jewish Diaspora • Zionist Project 1920-1930 • Establish national homeland In charged Mandate 1517-1917 World war 1 (axis)

  6. Continue • Britain tried to persuade (1922) • Live peacefully • No intention of a complete Jewish State • Failed to understand the Religious Gulf

  7. Continue • Holocaust set the scene • British refused admission • Fight for national homeland • Terrorist Campaign – British X Superpower • UN step in

  8. UN 1947 Partition Plan • Withdraw troops when fighting 1947.

  9. Reasons for Conflict • Sharia – Territory, Muslim Threshold • Failure – Increased Hostility • Arabs claim any state based on Religion is immoral - Hypocrites • Sharia – Discrimination X equal • Inferior in the eyes of God • 15% Christians  2%

  10. Wars of Significance • War of Independence 1948 • Sinai / Suez War 1956 • 6 Day War 1967 • Yom Kippur War 1973 • “If the Arabs (Moslems) put down their weapons today there would be no more violence. If the Israelis put down their weapons today there would be no more Israel.”

  11. Prelude to War • Israel Independent • Ben Gurion • 1948 • Same day • Jihad • Attacked it from all sides • Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Lebanon

  12. Outcome of War • Territorial Loss • ¾ Palestine  Israeli • Reason : • Failed to unite • Poorly Equipped • Israeli determined • Refugee Problem – Israeli slaughter entire village – 1million Fled • Jerusalem Divided • Never regard ceasefire as permanent • Humiliated, Infuriated, Avengeful

  13. Blame Lies? • British • Troops should stayed on • Partition carried out smoothly • Jews: Letting too few (Pro-Arab) • Arab: Letting too many at first (Pro-Jew) • USA • Truman pressurized British 100000 Jews • Will cause disorder yet nv send troops • Reject British Morrison Plan • Pushed UN partition plan (Arab reject) • Violence result counter counter

  14. Continue

  15. Sinai / Suez War 1956 Blame: • Israel • Starting War • Britain France • Imperialist Tactics • Accused USA for supporting • However felt overreacted • Colonel Nasser • Anti - Western

  16. Events • Nasser, New Egypt Ruler • Fedayeen – Sabotage, Block G.of Aqaba • Refused to renew contact 1956 – Suez Troops • Help Against France • Arms Deal – Czechoslovakia – Russian – Communist • Americans Outraged • Red Scare • M.east important position • Aswan Dam Funding

  17. Continue • Nationalising Suez Canal • Liken to Hitler  must be oppressed • WW II • Plans Hatched • Anglo-American Plan (OMEGA) • War • Anthony Eden Pressurised War • USA pledged support

  18. The War + Outcomes • UN and world retaliated • USA withdrew promise • Red Scare • Humiliation • Boost for Nasser – Russian Aswan • Reduced Oil Supplies • Algerians – Independence 1962 • Israel – Heavy Damage • Fedayeen assaults stopped.

  19. Six Day War 1967 • Egypt, Syria & Iraq • Anti-Israel • USSR Support • Move to frontier • Israel X wait to be defeated • Destroy Egypt Airforce (5th June) • Gaza Strip + Sinai (10 June)  Ceasefire • Reasons for success • Slow Arab Troops • Israel Superiority in Air • Arab inadequate communication

  20. Repercussions • Humiliation • Vicious Cycle • Lead to Yom Kippur War • Israel Success • West Bank • Gaza Strip Millions of Arabs

  21. Yom Kippur War 1973 • Events • PLO seeked world sympathy  terrorist attacks • Eg. Murder 1972 Munich Olympics • Anwar Sadat  President Egypt • Wanted negotiated peace • USSR or USA but hoped USA • Persuade Israel to sign peace settlement • ‘Isolationist’ Policy • Egypt + Syria attacked • Draw attention  USA can be mediators • Feeling more confident (weapons, training)

  22. War Outbreak – 6 Oct • During a Jewish Festival • Catch off guard • Early Success  Arabs • American Weapons saved the day • Crossed Suez Canal • USA & USSR ordered ceasefire. • Success for Anwar • However no peace treaties signed

  23. Consequences • Hope for Peace • Geneva, not same room • Move troops back, clear canal, but not open to Israel • Inflation + energy crisis • Reduce oil supply to pro-Israel Euro nat. • Severe oil shortage  excuse preserving resources • OPEC raised prices.

  24. Argument – Justification - Jeru • Arguments Basis – Religion • After Suez War, Palestine  East Jerusalem as Capital • 1) Capital City • 3300 yrs, always Israel Cap • Nv any arab cap, arab leaders nv visit • 2) Religious Text • Jewish Bible mentioned 669 times • Koran / Palestinian Covent 0 • 3)Founding Members • King David Est. Jerusalem as Cap • Mohammad never came to Jerusalem

  25. Muslims in Israel • Housing and Employment Dis. • Require prior Military Service • Brutal Behavior of Troops

  26. Peace Talks 1978-79 • Reasons • Sadat  Israel X destroyed by force • Fruitless Wars • Wasting Resources • Economic Problem • Israel Expenditure  defense • President Carter  Camp David

  27. Camp David Accord • The state of war btw Egypt and Israeli over • Israel withdraw troops frm Sinai • Egypt promised X to attack Israel & supply oil • Israel Ship can use Suez Canal

  28. Aftermath of Treaty • PLO rejection • Begin annouced X return Golan Heights to Syria for Peace Treaty • Assasination of Sadat • Eventually, less aggressive government elected • Peace talks with PLO cont’d • Preserved  1996 gd results

  29. Oslo Peace Accord Sep 1993 • 1st major breakthrough • Norwegian Gd both sides • Israel recognised PLO • PLO recognised Israel & X terrorism • Palestinian on West Bank and Gaza Strip limited self-rule • Troops Pulled out • 1995  fully withdraw troops • Brink of Peace  What happened? • Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine  2002 Dec 21

  30. Will there ever be Peace ? • Israel & Palestinian • “I wanted to find a way to make clear to the Israeli people that the Arabs don't reject or despise them. But the Arab people do reject what their leadership is now doing to the Palestinians, which is inhumane and oppressive. “ – Crown Prince S.A. Camp David 2000 – Bill Clinton - Crumbled – Arafat = Terrorist • 2005 ‘Road Map’ Peace Plan -> Bush • April 2003 • No Success for a year • 1st Cease Fire • Only can achieve by the end of violence and terrorism

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