DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

1. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

2. Prelab. 5 Preparations: Decoction salting out Problems: % Preparation

3. Decoction Rx Potassium citrate 1 g Tincture Hyoscyamus 2 ml Spirit chloroform 0.5 ml Decoction of ammi visnaga (1/40) to 30 ml Fiat: Mistura Sig: ℥i t.d.s. p.c. X 3 3 g 6ml 1.5 ml 90 ml Mitte: III doses Factor = 3 Amount of decoction = 100 ml 1 g ammi visnaga  40 ml water x g  100 ml water Amount of ammi visnaga = 2.5 g 20% xss to compensate loss by evaporation = 100 + 20% xss = 120 ml

4. Rx Potassium citrate Tincture Hyoscyamus Spirit chloroform Decoction of ammi visnage (1/40) Fiat: mistura Mitte: III doses Sig: ℥i t.d.s. p.c. Preparation: Use:Antispasmodic in renal colic BOIL 120 ml WATER + 2.5 g Ammi visnaga • Shake The Bottle • The Mixture • One coffeecupful to be taken three times daily after meals. After start of boiling LOWER theflame Leave for 15 minutesON FLAME COOL to 400C Filter on cotton Dissolve K citrate while WARM Transfer ½ decoction to cup measure COOL • PRESS COTTON • COMPLETE VOLUME to 100 ml in cup measure Add spirit chloroform Add tincture hyoscyamus Complete final volume with decoction COLD

5. TAKE CARE!!!!!!!!!!!! • If amount of water is lost during boiling ADD water to prevent charring of the drug. • All preparations containing plant extracts as decoction & infusion should be labeled “Shake The Bottle”

6. TAKE CARE!!!!!!!!!!!! • Boil Water with ammi visnaga • Active ingriedients here not heat-senstive • Cool before filteration Y? To reprecipetate unwanted substances that dissolved during boiling then filter. • Why press the cotton? Because albuminous matter coagulated by boiling and will not pass so no turbidity.

7. TAKE CARE!!!!!!!!!!!! Decoction INFUSION • Boil Water with ammi visnaga for 15 min. • Boil Water only and add senna leaves to water after boiling • Filter while warm • Filter while hot • After filtration press the cotton • After filtration Don’t press the cotton • After filtration complete volume to 100 ml in cup measure to replace water lost by evaporation. • After filtration Don’t complete volume (to avoid dilution) • Calculate for 20% excess water to guard against loss by evaporation during boiling • Calculate for 20% excess infusionto guard against loss by filtration. Used for heat stable drugs.Ex: woody plants or seeds (as ammi visnaga) Used for heat sensitive drugs. Ex: leaves (as senna leaves).

8. Salting out phenomenon (p.84) • When a very soluble electrolyte is added to saturated solution of some solutes the ions of such electrolyte are strongly hydrated. • conc of such ions will compete successfully for molecules of the solvent so the affinity of the solvent for the solute particles is reduced precipitation of the solute. • The Solute: non-electrolyte solid ,liquid or gas • in prescriptions ,salting out is an incompatibility • Conc of some electrolyte may salt out the volatile oil from aromatic water.

9. Use :Gargle antiseptic Astringent, decongestant Rx phenol 2% sodium sulphate 5% Water q.s. ad 100 ml Fiat: Solution Sig: m.d.u Glycerol won’t be mentioned . You must remember it yourself !! Liquified phenol is a liquid which is salted-out by sodium sulphate. Addition of 10% of glycerin will act as a co-solvent and a clear solution is produced. Calculation Phenol 2% 2 gm 100 ml phenol= 2 gm= 2 ml Glycerin10 % 10 gm 100 ml Glycerin= 10 gm =10/1.25= 8 ml Na2SO45% 5 gm 100 ml Na2SO4 = 5 gm ¾ vehicle=(100 – (2+8))* ¾= 68 ml

10. Procedure: 2)68 ml water + sprinkle 5 gm Na2So4 MIX filter if necessary clear solution 1) 8 ml glycerin + 2ml phenol ( with measure) corrosive!! mix 3) Add aquous to phenolic portionwise with stirring rapidly Clear solution 4) Adjust volume to 100 ml with water

11. Attention Please !! • We use 10% glycerol (=8 mls) … ok ?? • But two important things must be considered: • A) glycerol may be mixed with water ( not pure). • B) you may not be able to pour all the glycerol from the cylindrical measure …. • So ,,,, we will use 10 mlsinstead of 8 mls& hold on the measure for complete transfer of glycerol from it.

12. Fiat: solution Sig.: m.d.u Use: gargle external use red The Solution To be used as directed.

13. %PREPARATION

14. The term percent and its sign (%) means “In a Hundred”. • Ex: • 2% means 2 parts in 100 parts. • There are different types of solutions: • Solid in Liquid • ( x grams in 100 ml) %W/V • Liquid in Liquid • ( x mls in 100 ml ) %V/V • Solid in Solid • ( x gms in 100 gm)%W/W • For concentration of substances in biological fluids • mg% (x mg in 100 ml) • For very dilute solutions ( ex: limit tests) • PPM (part per million)

15. How many grams of dextrose are required to prepare 4000 ml of a 5% solution? Answer: 5gm 100 ml X 4000 ml X= 200 gm needed.

16. How many mls of liquefied phenol should be used in compounding the following prescription? Rx Liquefied phenol 2.5% Calamine lotion ad 240 ml Answer: 2.5 ml 100 ml X 240 ml X= 6 mls needed.