Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Prelab 1 Presented by : Osama Saher

1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Prelab 1 Presented by : Osama Saher

2. Measuring Measuring Cup (Cup Measure) For adjustment of final volume only * Graduated Cylinder (Cylindrical measure)

3. Prescriptions are best written in latin language, WHY? 1) It is language of medical science all-over the world. 2) Latin names are definite with no mis-interpretation 3) unknown by patients thus prevent worry and fear

4. Simple Solutions • They are liquid dosage forms prepared by dissolving soluble substances in an aqueous or non aqueous vehicle. • Water soluble substances may be either:

6. General Method for Preparation of solutions

7. 1)Ammonium chloride ℞ Ammonium chloride 4 g[A.C., expectorant] Liquid extract of liquorice5 ml [Mucolytic, expectorant] Syrup 50 ml[Sweetening agent] WaterQ.S to 100 ml[Vehicle (before to *)] Fiat: Cough Syrup Sig: 5 ml t.d.s. Use: For Cough This applies to all SOLUTIONS Calculations Volume of water (vehicle) = 100 - (5 + 50) = 45 ml ¾ Vehicle = ¾ * 45 = 33.75 ≈ 35 ml

9. 0.000 g Procedure 4 g amm. chloride Balance 35 ml Water Cup measure Cup measure Stirring Filter on cotton wetted with water * If turbid, filter *Not dripping water *Never filter a colored solution so filter before the coloring agent addition

10. Transfer clear solution to cup measure 5 ml Ext. of liquorice 50 ml Syrup Water Adjust volume to 100 ml Transfer to a bottle

11. Label The Cough Syrup One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily. Fiat: Cough Syrup Sig: 5 ml t.d.s. 1.White label*(enter the gut) /RED* 2. Central title from Fiat. 3. All with capital letter 4.Underline the title 5.Leave paragraph space before the first word. Note : Teaspoonful: One word Spoonful with oo and one l. 6.First word starts with capital letter 7.Write dose 8.Write frequency 9.Must end with a full stop. 10. All numbers are written in letters.

12. 2) Ferrous Fumarate ℞ Ferrous Fumarate5 g [A.C., antianeamic] Tr. of nux-vomica 3 ml[Bitter stomachic] Syrup 10 ml[Sweetening agent] Water to 90 ml[Vehicle] Fiat : Mist. Sig.: 15 ml P.C. Calculations Volume of water (vehicle) = 90 - (10 + 3) = 77 ml ¾ Vehicle = ¾ x 77 = 57.5 ≈ 60 ml

13. 3 ml Tr. Nux-vomica 0.000 g 10 ml Syrup Procedure Water Sprinkle 5 g ferrous fumarate with stirring Balance 60 ml Water Cup measure Adjust volume to 90 ml

14. Transfer to a bottle Precautions Sprinkle ferrous fumarate at the center of the vehicle to prevent the formation of sticky mass which is difficult to be dissolved. No filtration. …why??? (A: colored solution)

15. White lable. Label The Mixture One tablespoonful to be taken after meals. Fiat : Mist. Sig.: 15 ml P.C.

16. 3) Phenobarbital elixir • ℞ Elixir: It is clear flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic solution intended for oral use. Phenobarbital 0.4 gm (0.2 g)(A.C. tranquilizer) Orange oil 0.1 ml (0.05 ml)(Flavoring agent) Alcohol 25.6 ml (12.8 ml)(Solvent for phenobarbital) Glycerin 35 ml (17.5 ml)(Co-solvent) Sucrose 2 gm (1 g) (Sweetening agent) Water q.s. 100 ml (50 ml)(Vehicle) Fiat : Elixir Mitte : 50 ml (F = 50/100 = 0.5) Sig.: ʒio.n. Use: sedative in epilepsy prescribed Required F=Required /prescribed Calculations Factor = 50 / 100 = 0.5 Volume of water (vehicle) = 50 - (12.8 + 17.5) = 19.7 ml ¾ Vehicle = ¾ x 20 = 15 ml

17. 17.5 ml Glycerin 12.8 ml Alcohol Procedure 0.000 g 0.000 g 2 drops Orange oil 15 ml Water 0.2 g phenobarbital with stirring 1 g sucrose with stirring (if turbid, filter) Balance Balance

18. Adjust volume to 50 ml with water Portion wise with stirring Aqueous Solution Alcoholic Solution Transfer to a bottle

19. Precautions • Aqueous solution is added to the alcoholic one not the reverse to: • To prevent volatilization of alcohol • To prevent precipitation of alcohol-soluble substances by dilution. Label White lable. The Elixir One teaspoonful to be taken every night. • Fiat : Elixir • Sig.: ʒio.n.

20. ROMAN NUMBERS

21. ROMAN NUMBERS

22. Rules of ROMAN numbers: 1) When the left letter is ≥ 1st letter  (+) SUM

23. 2) When the left letter is  1st letter  (-) SUBTRACT

24. I, X and C are called SUBTRACTORS i.e. can be subtracted only from the next higher two values i : can be subtracted only from V and X X: can be subtracted only from L and C C: can be subtracted only from D and M Example: = xLix not iL 95 = XCV not vC 99 =Xcix not iC i X L C D M V

26. 2) Write the following in arabic numbers • X<L • L-X=40 • V>I • 5+1+1+1=8 • 40+8=48 Hundreds units Tens Thousands • C<M= • M-C= • 1000-100 =900 • LXXX= • 50+10+10+10=80 • I<V= • V-I= • 5-1=4 • M=1000

27. Practical Problems 1) Write the following in roman numbers • 10+8 • 8+10 • 10=X • 8=5+3 • 8=V+ III • XVIII

28. Practical Problems 1) Write the following in roman numbers • 1000=M • 1000+900+80+4 • 900=1000-100 • =CM • 80=50+10+10+10 • 80=100-20 • 4=5-1 • =iv • 80=LXXX

29. ROMAN NUMBERS

30. Lab Tools you must bring 1- clean Lab Coat (white color) بالطو ابيض 2- Scissors (to trim the label)مقص 3- Your ID 2013-2014 كارنيه الكلية 4-problems next Tuesday 5-prelab source. 6-weighing paper

31. You can ask us at any time • and • We can ask you at ANY TIME THANK YOU & GOOD LUCK