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OUR ENERGY FUTURE: UPDATED SC 203

OUR ENERGY FUTURE: UPDATED SC 203. January 23, 2008 John Bush. TECHNOLOGY UPDATE. Energy Sources/Conversion Energy/Power Transmission Energy Applications. FOSSIL FUELS. Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Carbon Sequestration. GETTING RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE. Disposal into space

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OUR ENERGY FUTURE: UPDATED SC 203

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  1. OUR ENERGY FUTURE: UPDATEDSC 203 January 23, 2008 John Bush

  2. TECHNOLOGY UPDATE • Energy Sources/Conversion • Energy/Power Transmission • Energy Applications

  3. FOSSIL FUELS • Petroleum • Natural Gas • Coal • Carbon Sequestration

  4. GETTING RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE • Disposal into space • Storage in the ocean • Fertilization of the ocean with iron • Reaction with basalt • Storage in forests • Storage in soil as “biochar”

  5. GROWING DIESEL • Jatropha--an Indian weed • Needs little water • Grows on poor soil • Is not a food crop • Seed oil makes excellent diesel fuel • Estimated to be profitable at oil prices above $43/bbl • Algae • Absorbs carbon dioxide effluent from power plants • Yields oil suitable as diesel fuel and starch for ethanol • Pilot demonstration in Arizona • Scale up at Arizona Public service Four Corners Station

  6. CELLULOSE BASED ETHANOL • Bluefire Ethanol • First plant in Lancaster this year • Pilot plant in Izumi Japan • Coskata • Recent investment by GM • Pilot plant planned for 2008: Warrenville Illinois • One among several start-ups using bacterial processing

  7. TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY • Ground transport • Light duty vehicles • Trucks/buses/construction equipment • Rail • Air transport • Water transport

  8. LIGHT DUTY VEHICLESPOWER TRAINS/POWER SOURCES • Power train • Mechanical • Electric • Hybrid • Power source • ICE: Otto, Diesel • Battery • Supercapacitor • Fuel cell: hydrogen/reformer

  9. LIGHT DUTY VEHICLESENERGY SOURCE/INFRASTRUCTURE • Energy source • Fossil fuel • Biofuel • Hydrogen • Electric grid • Solar • Infrastructure • Energy sources • Energy distribution • Vehicle manufacturing/marketing/maintenance

  10. WHERE DO THESE STAND?AN UNOFFICIAL SCORECARD TS* PI* DI* VI* • Internal combustion • Gasoline/diesel fuel +++ +++ +++ +++ • Methane +++ +++ + +++ • Hydrogen +++ - o ++ • Biofuels ++ + + ++ • Electric • Battery ++ +++ + ++ • Supercapacitor + +++ + ++ • Hydrogen fuel cell + - o o • Reformer fuel cell + +++ + - • Solar/hybrid +++ ++ ++ + *TS = Technology status *PI = Energy production infrastructure *DI = Energy distribution infrastructure *VI = Vehicle manufacturing/marketing/maintenance infrastructure

  11. ELECTRIC VEHICLES: PROJECT BETTER PLACE • Employs a new business model • Consumer buys the car • Consumer rents the battery—monthly fee based on usage • Networks of charging and exchange stations • Employs “proven” technologies • Lithium ion battery developed Renault and NEC • Highway 124 miles/charge (100?) • Lifetime 1500 charges • Top speed 70 mph • Renault-Nissan will make the car in Europe

  12. PROJECT BETTER PLACE& RENAULT/NISSAN/NEC • Starting a pilot program in Israel • People drive less than 100 miles/day 90% of the time • Tel Aviv: 150 charging stations and 2 swap stations • Economics: $0.026/mile versus $0.32/mile • Expect 500,000 charging stations and 100,000 cars on the road by 2010 (or maybe 20,000 by 2011!) • May extend the pilot to • Small countries: Denmark, Holland • Crowded cities: London, Paris, Singapore, New York • China?

  13. OTHER ALL ELECTRIC VEHICLES • Daimler Smart Car: all electric version by 2009 • Tesla Roadster: 2008 ($100,000) • Aptera Three Wheeler: 2008 ($30,000) • Phoenix Motor Cars Pick-up truck: 2008

  14. DAIMLER SMART CAR

  15. TESLA

  16. APTERA

  17. PHOENIX MOTOR CARS

  18. PLUG-IN HYBRIDS (PHEVS) • Quantum Technologies/Fisker Karma luxury sedan: $80,000 2009 • GM/A123: Chevy Volt commercial by “late” 2010— “a stretch” • GM-Saturn: Concept car shown in Detroit • Ford: SUV in test with Southern California Edison • Toyota/Panasonic: commercial customers by 2010

  19. FUEL CELL POWERED VEHICLES • Honda FCX Clarity: Sedan • GM Chevy Equinox: SUV consumer evaluation in 2008 • Ford Fusion 999: 200 mph sports car

  20. HONDA SOLAR HYDROGEN STATION

  21. HONDA HOME HYDROGEN STATION

  22. SUMMARY-- 2015 • ICEs using fossil fuels will dominate • ICEs using biofuels may still have to overcome inadequate fuel availability • Hybrid vehicles (plug-in) may form a significant part of the installed capacity • Fuel cell vehicles may still have to overcome • Limited life and high cost of fuel cells • Limited availability of hydrogen • Limited vehicle manufacturing/maintenance experience • All-electric vehicles may still have to overcome • Limited range and high cost of batteries • Unresolved safety issues • Limited recharging sites • Limited vehicle manufacturing/maintenance experience

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