1 / 42

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. History of Ancient Egypt. Introductory Documentary. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v = IbzxqeCJfic. Computer Lab Checklist.

aquene
Download Presentation

Ancient Egypt

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AncientEgypt

  2. History of AncientEgypt

  3. Introductory Documentary • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbzxqeCJfic

  4. Computer Lab Checklist • Spend 2 minutes on each slide. Discuss with your partner what you think are the most important points, and write them down. Start on slide #4, and try to get to slide #17 • In a short paragraph, describe mummification • If time, play the game about mummification at http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/games/mummy_maker/index_embed.shtml

  5. WhywastheNile crucial toAncientEgypt? • AncientEgyptcivilization emerged more than 5000 yearsago • ItstartedneartheNileRiver, becausethelandwasfertile • TheNilefloodedtheareaeveryyear and leftmudwhichmadethefieldsfertile • Theegyptiansbuiltdams and canalsto control theNile • TheNilewasalsousedtotransportpeople and goodsin sailingships TheNilewas so importantthattheyhad a godwhichrepresentedtheriver

  6. Chronology – Use your book to answer these questions! • Egyptian history started with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh • Which periods do you think were stable? -Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom • Which periods do you think were more unstable? -The Intermediate Periods • What were Egypt’s capitals during each of the Kingdoms? Memphis during Old Kingdom, Thebes during Middle and New • During which Kingdom was Egypt at its largest? New Kingdom

  7. Egyptian Expansion • Can you find a map of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms to compare their sizes??? (hint: use Google)

  8. EgyptianWriting • Egyptiansdevelopedhieroglyphicwriting, whichconsisted of a succesion of symbols and drawings. Theycommonlyusedpapyrusforwriting

  9. TheRosettastone • TheRosettastoneis a fragment of basalticstonefound in 1799 bynapoleonictroops in a villagecalledRosetta. • Onitthereis a textwrittenthree times, each time in a different script: demotic, hieroglyphic and Greek • Theinscriptionis a commemoration of thecoronation of PharaohPtolemyV • Translated by a Frenchscholarnamed Champollion

  10. Champollion • Champollionwas a frenchscholarwhodedicatedhislifetodeciphertheegyptianwriting. • He wasabletofindthename of thePharaoh in hieroglyphicwriting and compare itwithitsgreektranslationonthe Rosetta Stone

  11. Whowerethepharaohs? • Thepharaohwastheking of ancientegyptians • ThefirstpharaohwaskingMenna, whounitedalltheterritoriesalongtheRiverNile, thelower and theupperEgypt

  12. ThePharaoh • ThePharaohwasall-powerful • He passedlaws • He ruledthe country • He ownedmost of theland • He controlledtrade • He ledthearmies

  13. Pharaoh • Egyptiansbelievedthatthepharaohsweregods • Theybelievedtoothatthepharaohshadmagicalpowers and couldmakethewaters of theNilerise

  14. WhatwasAncientEgyptiansocietylike? Pharaoh Priests and Noblemen Soldiers Scribes Merchants Craftsmen Peasants Servants and Slaves

  15. Egyptianwomen • Egyptianwomenhadsomerights: theycouldinherit and ownproperty, and theycouldalsogetdivorced • Theydidhouseworkbutsomewomen, likeHatshepsutorCleopatra, becamepharaohs. Queen Cleopatra QueenHatshepsut

  16. WhatwereEgyptianreligiousbeliefs? • TheEgyptianswerepolytheistic • ThemaingodwastheSun, called Ra, AmunorAtum • Otherimportantgodswere Isis, Osiris and Horus • Let´s seesome of them!

  17. Egyptianreligion • Egyptianbelievedthatreligionpreservedtheorder of theuniverse • ReligiousritualsensuredthattheNilefloodedeachyear. • Eachgodhad a temple, wherepriestsmadeofferingstoitsstatue. Onthefeastday, thestatuewastakenout in procession

  18. AFTERLIFE • Egyptiansbelievedtherewasanafterlife, as long as thebodywaspreserved. • Thesoul (ka) needed a bodytostay in, whichiswhytheypractisedmummification • ToentertheafterlifethesoulhadtopasstheJudgement of Osiris. TheBook of Deadwas a guide onhowtopassthisJudgement

  19. MUMMIFICATION • First, the embalmers wash his body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile

  20. MUMMIFICATION • One of the embalmer's men makes a cut in the left side of the body and removes many of the internal organs. It is important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decompose.

  21. MUMMIFICATION • The liver, lungs, stomach and intestines are washed and packed in natron which will dry them out. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man will need it in the afterlife • A long hook is used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose

  22. EXTRACTION OF THE BRAIN

  23. MUMMIFICATION • The body is now covered and stuffed with natron which will dry it out. All of the fluids, and rags from the embalming process will be saved and buried along with the body

  24. MUMMIFICATION • After forty days the body is washed again with water from the Nile.Then it is covered with oils to help the skin stay elastic

  25. MUMMIFICATION • The dehydrated internal organs are wrapped in linen and returned to the body

  26. MUMMIFICATION • In the past, when the internal organs were removed from a body they were placed in hollow canopicjars. Over many years the embalming practices changed and embalmers began returning internal organs to bodies after the organs had been dried in natron. However, solid wood or stone canopic jars were still buried with the mummy to symbolically protect the internal organs.  Imsety, human headed, kepttheliver Hapythebaboon, thelungs Duamutef, thejackal, thestomach Qebesenuef, thefalcon, theintestines

  27. MUMMIFICATION • Finally, thebodywaswrapped in linen and a priestreadsspellsoutloud. Thesespells will help ward off evil spirits and help the deceased make the journey to the afterlife • The mummy was then put in a sarcophagus

  28. Tutankhamun and Howard Carter

  29. Mummies Tutankhamun

  30. Whatkilled King Tut? • There are three plausible explanations: • TheWarWound • TheAccident • TheMurder TheWarWound! Whatwasthemainclue? TheKneecapwasbroken And theansweris…

  31. Mummies Ramses II

  32. TheJudgement of Osiris The scene reads from left to right. To the left, Anubis brings Hunefer into the judgementarea. Anubis is also shown supervizing the judgement scales. Hunefer's heart, represented as a pot, is being weighed against a feather, the symbol of Maat, the established order of things, in this context meaning 'what is right'. If the heart did not balance with the feather, then the dead person was condemned to non-existence, and consumption by the ferocious 'devourer', the strange beast shown here which is part-crocodile, part-lion, and part-hippopotamus. However, as a papyrus devoted to ensuring Hunefer's continued existence in the Afterlife is not likely to depict this outcome, he is shown to the right, brought into the presence of Osiris by his son Horus, having become 'true of voice' or 'justified'.

  33. Pyramids

  34. Whatdidittaketobuildthepyramids? • But the pyramids are more than mathematical puzzles. They hold the key to understanding the structure of Egyptian society. The pyramids were built, not by the gangs of slaves often portrayed by Hollywood film moguls, but by a workforce of up to 5,000 permanent employees, supplemented by as many as 20,000 temporary workers, who would work for three or four months on the pyramid site, before returning home. • The bureaucracy that we know lay behind this operation is staggering. Not only did the workforce have to be summoned, housed and fed, but administrators also had to coordinate the supplies of stone, rope, fuel and wood that were needed to support the building work. Pyramid studies confirm that a pre-mechanical society can, given adequate resources and the will to succeed, achieve great things. Pyramid building would have been impossible without strong government backed up by an efficient civil service. No wonder many archaeologists believe that, while the Egyptians undeniably built the pyramids, the pyramids also built Egypt. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/egypt_importance_01.shtml

  35. Mastaba Saqqara BentPyramid of Snofru Red Pyramid of Snofru How pyramids were built? http://www.wat.tv/video/bbc-documentary-pyramids-how-u0el_2gt67_.html

  36. Hypogeum: the Valley of the Kings TheValley of the Kingsisa valley in Egyptwhere, for a period of nearly 500 yearsfromthe 16th to 11th century BC, tombswereconstructedforthePharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom

  37. Thetomb of Tutankhamon The Valley of the Kings

  38. WhatwasEgyptian art like? • Temples Themostimportant temples werethose of Karnak and Luxor. Theyhadanavenue of sphinxesleadingtotheentrance.

  39. Egyptian temple

  40. EgyptianPainting • Themaincharacteristics of Egyptianpaintingwere: • Objects and human body (chest) are seenfromthefront, butthe head, arms and legsare seen in profile • Human figures are static

  41. THE END

More Related