R elative C lauses

1. Relative Clauses Yule(1996)Chapter 9 Explaining English Grammar Approaches in Teaching Grammar, MA-TESOL Professor Stephen van Vlack, Sookmyung Women’s University May 31, 2013 Cara, Hyewon, Jieun, Melissa

2. http://glscketch.deviantart.com/art/Defining-Relative-Clauses-275193107http://glscketch.deviantart.com/art/Defining-Relative-Clauses-275193107

3. Basic forms of relative clause What is a relative clause? • adjective clause-describes and helps to identify the person or thing being talked about • subordinate clause-- it cannot stand alone

4. Basic forms of relative clause From Relative Clauses and Pronouns (part 1)BildungInteraktiv • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkY_Y32l0Ys·

5. Relative pronouns Who Whom Which That Whose Used in different grammatical roles within the relative clause. Often used to introduce relative clauses.

7. Adjective Clause • I’m the kind of person who is always losing things. • Right now, I can’t find a book that I need for school. • It’s a brand new book which I just bought last week. • It’s for a class with a teacher whom I really like. • She’s the first teacher whose classes I actually look forward to. adjective clause p. 240-241

8. Subjective relatives • Relative pronouns are the subjects of the clauses Did you see the man? The man was here. I didn’t see the man. The man was here. I didn’t see the book. The book was here. • Did you see the man who was here? • I didn’t see man who was here. • I didn’t see man that was here. • I didn’t see book that was here. • I didn’t see book whichwas here

9. Object relatives • Relative pronouns are the objects of the clauses • I didn’t like the woman whom/that I met. • I didn’t like the film which/that I saw.

10. Resumptivepronoun • Adding extra pronouns –often used by language learners in the early stage of learning Correct • Did you like the woman whom/that you met? • Did you like the film which/that you saw? Incorrect • Did you like the film which/that you sawit?

11. Zero Relatives: object relatives in casual conversation • When the relative pronoun is object of its clause we sometimes leave it out: • Have you seen those people we met on holiday? • You shouldn’t believe everything you read in the newspaper. • The house we rented in London was fully furnished. whom/that V which/that V which/that V

12. After-preposition relatives • when relative pronouns come directly after the preposition • Whom and which are used • Where is the person to whom you talked? • Where is the hotel in which you stayed? *fronted—preposition is placed in front *that can not be used

13. Stranded-preposition relatives • When the preposition comes at the end • That used • Can I meet the person that you talked to? • Can we find the hotel that you stayed in? *Clauses with zero relative are more common • Mary knows the person that you talked to.

14. Possessive relatives • Whose/which • Did you talk to the girl whose bag was stolen? • Have you ever lived in a house whose roof was leaking? • Have you ever lived in a house the roof of which was leaking? *Not common in spoken English *Whose is more frequent

15. Summary Box 9.1 Uses of relative pronouns (p.244)

16. Medial position • A relative clause is placed in the middle of the main clause • Modifies the subject of the main clause • The man who lives next door has a cat. • The woman that the man wants to marry has a big dog. *S-S & S-O are more difficult than O-O & O-S for language learners subject subject subject object

17. Final position • A relative clause is placed at the end of the main clause • Object-subject or object-object Object-subject(O-S) • The man has a catthat likes the big dog. Object-Object(O-O) • The woman has a big dog thatthe cat likes. subject object object object

18. Restrictive & non-restrictive relative clauses • Most examples=‘defining’ relative clauses because they define or restrict the reference of the antecedent noun • They help to identify or classify the person or thing being talked about.

19. Nonrestrictive relative clauses • Gives extra/additional information about an antecedent • Separation markers (commas, dashes, brackets, pauses, parentheses) • After proper nouns • Not with that or zero relative • Not with general antecedents • With quantity expressions • Longer and less common • Gives additional comment • The man — whose name is Mark — also likes cats. • The woman, who is a teacher , loves music. • These parties (which are very rowdy) go on all night. • Mr. Cockroach, who is a shop teacher, has a twin brother. • Someone said that I took the books, which was not true. • I didn’t eat the cookies, most of which were rock-hard.

20. Restrictive relative clauses • That & zero relatives are common • Necessary information • they define or restrict the reference of the antecedent noun • Anyone, any person, everyone, everything as antecedents • Shorter and more common • No separation markers • Is there anything that you can’t do. • I can’t help every person who needs help. • But those that you help are usually satisfied. • I’m sure there are some people who are never happy.

21. Relative Clauses Hyewon Kim

22. Meanings in context final position relative clause medial position

23. I have a friend. That friend works in a bookstore. I have a friend Introducing New Information (given) (new) (given) (new) who works in a bookstore.

24. Introducing New Information • I’m looking for someone • There’s something outside • Once upon a time, there was a king who can fix computers. that looks like a spaceship. who had three sons.

25. The computer is a Mac. I have that computer. The computer which I have is a Mac. The computerI haveis a Mac. Connecting with given information (given) (new) (given) (given)

26. Connecting with given information • That report you read was done on my new computer. • That book you were looking for is in the library. • The person who did this will be punished.

27. Did you see a movie that was setin France with Harrison Ford as an American cop or something? End-Weight • The movie we saw was really boring.

28. They always make a huge breakfast whichnobody ever wants to eat first thing on Christmas morning with a hangover. End-Weight • The book I read had a much better story.

29. Activity 1 Likes and dislikes • Focus: Express preferences using restrictive relative clauses • Level: Intermediate-Advanced • Language: I like people who … I like days when … I like places where … I like teachers who … I like films which …

30. <Worksheet>Go and find the people who have same preferences.- Write about the people, places, days, teachers, films, etc.- Go around and ask your classmates. Find the people who like same things as you and write their names.

31. Activity 2 Relative quizzes • Focus: Provide definitions of nouns using relative clauses • Level: Intermediate-Advanced • Language: someone who … a place where … a thing which(that) … a day when … • Type : Group or pair work

33. Clues Someone who catches criminals is . A place where you can buy stamps is . A fruit that grows on trees is . A thing you write with is . A black and white animal which lives in China is . A bird that mimics human speech is . A country which is in Europe is . A sickness which is in your body is . www.puzzlemaker.com

34. Introducing Yourself: 500,000 won • What is something that you want to do this summer?

35. JEOPARDY

37. Getting to Know You: 100,000 won • Name a food that you really love eating in the summer

38. Getting to Know You: 200,000 won • Name a place where you always go in your free time

39. Getting to Know You: 500,000 won • Tell a secret that you have

40. Meeting Up: 500,000 won • Name the place where we’re meeting up after this

41. Task 2 • 20 questions • Is it a person, place, thing • Is it a person who…. • Is it a place where…. • Is it something that….