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The Road to War: 1919-1939

The Road to War: 1919-1939. The Versailles Treaty. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations. No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923. Dawes Plan (1924). Young Plan (1930).

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The Road to War: 1919-1939

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  1. The Road to War: 1919-1939

  2. The Versailles Treaty

  3. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations • No control of major conflicts. • No progress in disarmament. • No effective military force.

  4. Hyper-Inflation in Germany:1923

  5. Dawes Plan(1924)

  6. Young Plan(1930) • For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! • $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. • By 1931, Hoover declared a debt moratorium.

  7. By 1939 only two European countries remained under democracy Totalitarian state- wanted complete of citizens Used propaganda No individualism Rise of Dictators

  8. Stalin: Russia Mussolini: Italy Hitler: Germany

  9. Fascism in Italy • Benito Mussolini • Fascism • In 1920, he formed a group called the black shirts. • In 1922, he threatened to march on Rome if not given power. • Named prime minister of Italy and began to create a fascist dictatorship. • Not as strong as Hitler or Stalin.

  10. Soviet Union: USSR • In 1922, Lenin and the communists • After Lenin’s death there was a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky. • 1929, Stalin came to power

  11. Stalin’s Russia • Economic, social and political revolution • 5 year plan • Increasing production. • Social and political costs. • Stalin used collectivization • Resistance to Stalin

  12. The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

  13. The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory • German soldiers are dissatisfied. • Many citizens unhappy with treaty and • German life.

  14. Hitler and Nazi Germany • Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. • Hitler served in WWI and received the Iron Cross. • After the war, he joined the German Worker’s party which he took over and renamed the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) or Nazi party. • He staged an uprising in Munich called the Beer Hall Putsch. The uprising was crushed and Hitler was sent to prison. In prison he wrote Mein Kampf.

  15. Mein Kampf My Struggle • He laid out his ideas • The right of superior nation to • lebensraum • The failure of the Beer hall putsch • He increased the size of the Nazi party

  16. But how could Hitler win power? • His promise • His appeal • His supporters • In 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. • The enabling act • Hitler becomes dictator.

  17. The Nazi State • Once Hitler passed the enabling acts, he quickly took over everything • Purged civil service of Jews • Est. concentration camps for people that opposed the regime • Dissolved trade unions • Abolished all other political parties • Hitler becomes the “Fuhrer”

  18. Nazi State • Hitler’s Aryan racial state • Third Reich, empire of Nazi Germany. • Hitler’s totalitarian state • The SS (schutzstaffeln-guard squadrons) • Hitler puts millions of people to work

  19. Unemployment numbers • 6 million people unemployed in 1932 • 2.6 million people unemployed in 1934 • Less than 500,000 people unemployed in 1937 ** By solving unemployment, it allowed many Germans to accept Hitler and his policies**

  20. World War II Original Source: Ms. Susan M. Pojer

  21. Anti-Semitism • In September 1935, Hitler passed racial laws called the Nuremberg laws- excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and Germans. • It also required Jews to wear the gold star of David and carry identification papers. • November 9, 1938 the pogrom (organized persecution or massacre of a minority group) called Kristallnacht “night of shattered glass” • Nazis burned synagogues, destroyed +7,000 Jewish business, killed hundred of Jews and sent 30,000 Jewish males to concentration camps. • Kristallnacht lead to Jews being barred from public transit and all public buildings, barred from owning or managing a retail store and were encouraged to emigrate.

  22. Kristallnacht

  23. One step closer to War!!!

  24. Give an inch... • Hitler and the Treaty of Versailles. • Hitler builds up Germany's military. • The allies reaction to Hitler • The Rhine land. • Thus began the policy of appeasement

  25. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

  26. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The “Pact of Steel”: Alliance between Mussolini and Hitler

  27. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

  28. The “Problem” of theSudetenland

  29. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister: Neville Chamberlain  Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  30. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

  31. The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

  32. The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

  33. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

  34. The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937

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