The Technology Walter Ellis

1. The Technology Walter Ellis

2. Photohydroionization Cell • Broad spectrum lamp • Quad-metallic hydrophilic coating

3. “Photo” Process

4. PHI Cell Hydrated Coating Broad spectrum UV lamp PPC Sleeve Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating Optimal surface area

5. Germicidal Inactivation 254 nm hv

6. Photo-Catalytic Hydrated – Quad-Metallic High intensity UV light activates the hydrated quad-metallic catalyst target

7. Photoelectric Effect: The conversion of light to electricity

8. Conventional Advanced Oxidation Reaction HO2 H H O 254 nm hv O2- Formation of OHo O2- Super Oxide Ions O2- H H O Hydroperoxides HO2 HO2 H H O

9. Hydrated Quad-metallic Catalytic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent • The Quad-metallic coating: • has particular affinities, • breaks bonds, • releases electrons, • holds and releases atoms, • steals other electrons. • absorbs water vapor • It changes everything but itself remains unchanged. It is a “Catalytic” process.

10. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating This creates an abundance of hydrogen and oxygen on the coating “Hydrophilic” means that it attracts water, (H2O from the air)

11. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! Catalytic Surface

12. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifaceted compound. It's the stuff that makes toothpaste white and paint opaque. TiO2 is also a potent photocatalyst that can break down almost any organic compound.

13. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! “when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength below 385 nanometers in the presence of water vapor, two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2-1].” "These are highly reactive chemical species. Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and will attack all kinds of organic materials.”Daniel Blake, Dept of Energy’s Natural Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

14. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! Silver speeds up titanium reactions Vol. 05, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY, 2003 Enhanced activity of silver modified thin film TiO2 photocatalysts This silver doped photocatalyst decomposes the pollutant 3-times faster than the un-doped TiO2. It was postulated that silver enhanced the reduction potential of TiO2, … It was found that … the reduction potential of the photocatalytic system can be altered by varying the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2. The amount of silver alters the photocatalytic system

15. Atomic Oxygen Species Adsorbed on Silver. V.I.Bukhtiyarov, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva prosp., 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia This paper summarizes our efforts to study the nature of oxygen species adsorbed on silver and their reactivity The Current Status of Catalysis by Silver  R Schlögl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Ges., Faradayweg. 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Elemental silver is a unique catalyst for selective oxidation reactions, … Four different species of atomic oxygen interacting in spectroscopically distinct ways with silver have been identified Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! Silver has some unique abilities to work with energized forms of oxygen Silver is an excellent electrical conductor Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in the course of creating and transporting oxidizers

16. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent Different catalysts do different things! Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 8 Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper the effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. … it is expected that the loaded Cu may improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2, Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of titanium SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USING A DUAL BED PHOTOSYSTEM, Clovis A. Linkous, Darlene K. Slattery, Florida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida …As it turned out, the more common copper Pc evolved the most H2… our best H2-evolving photocatalyst was copper. Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen

17. Why the PHI Technology is Unique By utilizing our broad spectrum lamp, we not only produce conventional AOP reactions on the cell surface, we also produce AOP reactions within the air that passes through the cell.

18. 185 nm emitted from cell O2 O2 185 nm O2 O2 O2 O2

19. 185 nm produces ozone 185 nm Ozone

20. 254 nm decomposition of ozone 254 nm 254 nm breaks O3 back down to O2

21. AOP formation O3 HO2 O2 - OH Germicidal UV Light Rays Hydroxyl Radicals OHo Super Oxides O2- Hydroperoxides H2O2 Ozonide Ions O3- Hydroxides HO2 O3 OH - O2

22. PHI Cell advantages The PHI Cell produces and destroys ozone to facilitate the AOP reactions. Typically greater than 87% of the actual produced ozone is decomposed in the AOP process. Devices utilizing the PHI cells are not ozone generators.

23. PHI Cell advantages • Uses germicidal UV for microbe inactivation. • Uses germicidal UV for Catalytic AOP reactions. • Uses the combination of UV wavelengths to produce AOP reactions in air. • AOP reactions inactivate microbes as well as destroy odors. • AOP reactants remain effective after leaving cell

24. APS Cartridges The Technology • Fog • HEPA • Ultra • Mercury • Radon • VOC

25. RGF APS

26. FOG Cartridge

27. Oleophillic Media Negatively charged oil sticks to positively charged filter + + - - - - - - - - Macro matrix Micro matrix

28. Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge

29. Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge 3,240 square inches versus 66 square inches. Almost 50 times more surface area. The same filter area as 4.5’ x 5’ HVAC filter MERV 15

30. Adsorbtion

31. Mercury Cartridge

32. Mercury Cartridge A specialty bed of sublimed sulfur carbon designed for maximum adsorption of airborne mercury. Calculated maximum adsorption per cartridge: APS Mini 26 grams APS 148 grams

33. VOC Cartridge

34. VOC Cartridge A blend of activated carbon and natural elements for adsorption of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge: APS Mini 32.9 grams * APS 191 grams * * Actual adsorption may vary dependent on VOC encountered

35. Radon Cartridge

36. Radon Cartridge A blend of natural elements poly activated for efficient absorption of radioactive radon gas. Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge: APS Mini 37.6 grams APS 225 grams

37. Multi Cartridge 245 square inches versus 66 square inches Particulate and Odor (carbon coated) Rated at 90% down to 7 micron MERV 7

38. IAQ Acceptable indoor air quality: Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and which a substantial majority (80%) or more of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction. ASHRAE Standard 62-2001

39. IAQ • OSHA has proposed IAQ regulations • Some legislation was introduced on toxic mold -Melina Bill • No specific IAQ Laws or Regulations currently

40. IAQ TESTING • Identify the problem -Use a common sense approach -Does the establishment have visible indicators? -Use the test sensors you walk around with. -Communicate with the owner -IAQ professionals are actually using quantitative testing as a last resort

41. Test Kit

42. Typical PHI Cell Reductions in air 2nd Day 71.2 % 3rd Day 86.8 % 4rd Day 95.4 %

43. PHI Cell Odor Reductions in air 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Off ~ 25% On ~ 75% 24 HOURS Unit on Unit off

44. Thank you for your attention