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Ellis Island

Ellis Island. & other ports of entry throughout the history of the US. American Immigration. The Early Days Early Colonial Period to 1820 Colonies or States About 1 million immigrants Federal Immigration Records Customs passenger lists 1820 - 1906

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Ellis Island

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  1. Ellis Island & other ports of entry throughout the history of the US

  2. American Immigration • The Early Days • Early Colonial Period to 1820 • Colonies or States • About 1 million immigrants • Federal Immigration Records • Customs passenger lists 1820 - 1906 • Immigration passenger lists after that date • Peak in 1907 with 1.3 million immigrants

  3. Immigration: 1820 - 1970

  4. Ports of Entry • New York – more immigrants than all other ports combined • Boston • Baltimore • Philadelphia • New Orleans • San Francisco

  5. New York • Established by Dutch in 1625 • Erie Canal opened in 1825, providing a cheap and fast route to western interior • 24 million arrivals in New York between 1820 and 1920

  6. Boston • Founded in 1630 • Leading port in North America until 1750 • Replaced in popularity by Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans • Major influx of immigrants in mid-nineteenth century triggered by potato famine • Received about 2 million people between 1820 and 1920

  7. Philadelphia • Founded in 1682 • Briefly replaced Boston as leading port of immigration • About 1.2 million immigrants came through Philadelphia between 1820 and 1920

  8. New Orleans • Founded by French in 1718 • Development of steamboat travel along Mississippi led to its popularity as a port of entry • Between 1820 and 1920 over 700,000 immigrants entered through this port, most prior to 1860

  9. Baltimore • Founded in 1729 • Located in largest estuary in US • Baltimore & Ohio RR linked it to Chesapeake & Ohio Canal and later to Ohio River • Had no major immigrant processing station

  10. San Francisco • Settled by Spanish in 1776 • Became part of US in 1847 because of Mexican War • Between 1820 and 1920 total immigration was about 500,000 – mostly Asians

  11. New York Ports of Entry • Castle Gardens 1855-1890 • Ellis Island 1892-1954

  12. Castle Garden8/1/1855 to 4/18/1890 • 1623 –Dutch settlers erect “Battery” of cannons to defend New Amsterdam • Castle Clinton built prior to War of 1812 • 1820s – expanded & renamed Castle Garden • 8/1/1855 – became America’s 1st immigrant receiving center • Welcomed 8.5 million immigrants until it closed

  13. Searching Castle GardenData Base • http://www.castlegarden.org/ • http://www.stevemorse.org/ellis/cg.html

  14. Barge Office • Temporary deport until Ellis Island opened • Operated from 4/19/1890 to 12/31/1891

  15. Ellis Island

  16. Ellis Island1/1/1892 to 11/12/1954 • Opened 1/1/1892 • Burned June 15, 1897 • Re-opened Dec, 1900 • 1924 – passage of National Origins Act • Became primarily detention center • 1954 – Ellis Island officially closed

  17. Searching Ellis Island Data Base • http://www.ellisisland.org/ • http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/eidb/intro.html

  18. Other Searches • http://stevemorse.org/index.html

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