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Understanding Atomic Structure: Key Concepts and Models

Learn about the present model of the atom, elements, atomic concentrations by mass, chemical symbols, and the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore the concept of the electron cloud and prepare for assignments.

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Understanding Atomic Structure: Key Concepts and Models

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  1. October 29th, 2015 • Start Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Bell Ringer • Get homework out on your desk.

  2. Today’s Purpose: • Describe the present model of the atom.

  3. Matter and atoms Matter: • Anything that has mass and takes up space. • All matter is made up of atoms.

  4. Matter and atoms Atom: • Basic building block of matter • Cannot be broken down further without changing the properties of that element • The smallest unit of an element

  5. Different types of atoms are called elements. All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 118 elements. Atom Concentrations by Mass Earth’s Crust I r on 5 % A luminum 8 % O the r 12% O x y gen 47% S ili c o n 28% Humans Nit r o gen 3 % O ther 3% H y d r o gen 10 % C ar b o n O x y gen 23% 61% SOU R CE : C R C H andb o o k o f Ch e mis t r y and P h y si c s

  6. Chemical symbols A chemical symbol is an abbreviated way to write the name of an element. For example: C = Carbon H = Hydrogen Fe = Iron

  7. Chemical symbols Chemical symbols always consist of one capital letter or a capital letter plus one or two small letters. C Cl CS Cs

  8. nucleus proton neutron electron cloud Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus – the central region of an atom where most of the atom’s mass is found in protons and neutrons.

  9. Atoms are mostly empty space. The radius of a atom is about 100,000 times larger than the radius of its nucleus. If a basketball represented a nucleus…that atom would have a radius of 7.5 miles!

  10. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Protons: Positive (+) charge, mass = 1, indicates identity of atom Found inside nucleus Neutrons: Neutral (0) charge, mass = 1 Found outside nucleus Electrons: Negative (-)charge, mass = 1/2000

  11. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons 5 B Boron Atomic Number = Number of protons Boron has 5 protons

  12. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons

  13. N +3 7 Protons = 7 + Electrons = ? Charge 4 Charge = +3 +3

  14. Protons = 35 + Electrons = ? Charge Br -1 35 36 Charge = -1

  15. Protons = 25 + Electrons = ? Charge Mn 25 25 Charge = 0

  16. Matter and atoms Nucleus (+ charge) Proton (+) Neutron (No charge) Electrons (- charge) - “orbit” the nucleus

  17. Models of the atom Electron Cloud!

  18. Assignments • Book reading chapter. • Atomic Structure (ws) • Quiz on elements Wednesday, November 4th

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