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Cytokine Patterns in Adults with AIDS (Kenneth A. et.al.)

Cytokine Patterns in Adults with AIDS (Kenneth A. et.al.). By Alidana Castillo Seminar 2000. Definitions:. Cytokines : proteins released in response to antigen which influences other cells. Antigen : substance that causes the production of specific antibodies.

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Cytokine Patterns in Adults with AIDS (Kenneth A. et.al.)

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  1. Cytokine Patterns in Adults with AIDS(Kenneth A. et.al.) By Alidana Castillo Seminar 2000

  2. Definitions: • Cytokines: proteins released in response to antigen which influences other cells. • Antigen: substance that causes the production of specific antibodies. • Interleukins: (IL) group of proteins produced by macrophages and T cells that regulate growth and differentiation of lymphoncytes.

  3. Definitions (cont.): • Phytohemagglutinin: (PHA) a substance that triggers disease progression. • Th1 and Th2: T helper cells that produce antibodies and are enhanced by the T cells and that also contain CD4 + cells. • TNF-B: Tumor necrosis factors (Beta). • TGF-B: Transforming growth factor (Beta).

  4. Introduction: • Reports on HIV infected patients and enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-10 in response to stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with phytohemagglutinnin (PHA). • Role of Th1 and Th2 predominance pathway in HIV infection.

  5. Rationale: • Cross-sectional study of cytokine levels analyzing for various proteins in peripheral blood. • To determine if the cytokine expression in patients with AIDS depends upon the character of the stimulus.

  6. Methods: • Patients: • Used (29) men and (2) women with AIDS without active infections. • (1) woman and (4) men, normal healthy volunteers. • Serum Collection: • Seven ml of whole blood were collected and placed in silicone coated tubes (in vitro).

  7. Methods (cont.): • Used the following cytokines to observe the increased levels in AIDS patients… IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6SR, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-A, IFN-G, TNF-A, TNF-B, OSM, and RANTES.

  8. Data Analysis: • Researchers used Spearman correlation to analyze group-related differences in patterns of cytokine levels. • In addition, used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the cytokine in phytohemagglutinin (PHA).

  9. Results (Table): • The patients were grouped by… • Age • Percentage of CD4+ cells

  10. Results (cont.): • Peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients, when stimulated in vitro, expressed low levels of cytokines tested, except TGF-B, TNF-B, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-8 when compared to normal volunteers. • For IL-2 and IL-12 it varied between the normal volunteers and AIDS patients. • As for the other cytokine expressions there was not much difference found.

  11. Results (Table): • Cytokine expression in peripheral blood lymphocyte was generally higher in AIDS patients for most of the cytokines tested.

  12. Conclusion: • There is no difference in pattern of cytokine expression in peripheral blood when compared to expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes or CD4+ enriched peripheral blood cells in the patients. • It was difficult to study transduction and cross-regulation between Th1 or Th2 cells.

  13. Conclusion (cont.): • The high levels of IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-B in AIDS patients when compared to normal healthy volunteers were determined to be caused by chronic active disease. • It was concluded that the character of cytokine response in AIDS patients may be directly related to the stimulus caused in test systems.

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