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Technical Foundations & Enabling Technologies – DS4

Technical Foundations & Enabling Technologies – DS4. Andrew Faulkner. Remit:. Technical foundations and Enabling Technologies. The Demonstrator is: 2-PAD. Overall. DS4 very broad range with many institutions involved

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Technical Foundations & Enabling Technologies – DS4

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  1. Technical Foundations &Enabling Technologies – DS4 Andrew Faulkner

  2. Remit: Technical foundations and Enabling Technologies The Demonstrator is: 2-PAD SKADS Workshop 2006

  3. Overall • DS4 very broad range with many institutions involved • Schedule is disrupted – particularly in UK – due to funding delays (funds now awarded) • We will deliver by June 2009 There are 3 more years...... SKADS Workshop 2006

  4. DS4 work schedule 2006 Investigate and consider any possible approach. Blue Sky etc... 2007-Q1 Select 2 or 3 of the most likely approaches 2007 Prototyping and developing phase. Build models, bring together systems 2008-Q1 Select 2-PAD components and finalise 2-PAD design note: individual subsystem work will continue 2008 Build 2-PAD 2009-1H Test 2-PAD and write report Report on advances in subsystem research SKADS Workshop 2006

  5. Risks Low Risk: the components exist, but can be improved.... • Antenna array, needs performance and cost and ease improvement • LNA, the system noise and the cost need to be improved • Processing, currently far to little capacity, but will work at some limited bandwidth High Risk: does not exist... • Low power, low cost high speed ADC • Cheap enough analog links – must be <€5 each • RFI mitigation - unproven SKADS Workshop 2006

  6. Bits • Digitisation is not to do with instrument dynamic range! • It is to do with the RFI environment. • To make a practical all-digital aperture array must use minimal digitisation e.g. 4-bits CANNOT design for a European environment!! We need information from Site surveys First cut suggests that 4-bits is OK...(phew!) SKADS Workshop 2006

  7. 2-PAD System • Consider Station level AA with 2-PAD as a subsystem • Hence understand scaling and processing issues • Distances, cooling, power etc • Station wide construction requirements • Reliability analysis (system layout vital) • Important to have benchmark specification! • Building first model • Focus on the bottlenecks • Possibility/availability of components • Cost SKADS Workshop 2006

  8. Possible Station - Side view SKADS Workshop 2006

  9. Possible Station - Side view Element array 50m x 50m Inflatable Ray dome Short range analogue links from elements to local processing Array physical support grid To scale Entrance Inflation pump Station Proc. Local P. Desert FOV processing + ¼ tile processing 10m x 5m FOV processing + ¼ tile processing 10m x 5m x 2.5m Array supports providing ~1.6m headroom Tile processing for ¼ of array 5m x 5m x 2.5m Cooling system Using heat transfer ground Optical fibre digital links SKADS Workshop 2006

  10. Short range analogue links from elements to local proc (only ¼ shown) Matrix of supports ~2m spacing (625) Local Proc. Local Proc. Inflatable Ray dome Station Layout (looking up) Element array 50m x 50m Optical fibre digital links Entrance Local Proc. Station Processing Wide area fibre link to Correlator Tile processing for ¼ of array 5m x 5m Inflation pump FOV processing + ¼ tile processing 10m x 5m SKADS Workshop 2006

  11. Tile Receiving elements Vert. Pol. Horiz. Pol. Antenna LNA Filter + Differential Line driver +ve Reg Reg Individual PCB Processing centre Low cost screened twisted pair 20m max SKADS Workshop 2006

  12. ‘Tile’ configuration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 13 14 15 … element receiver = … … • Notes: • 16 elements / side • Groups of 16 Rx • in a cluster (4x4) • Overall size: • 3.0m square • 9.0m2 • 512 links / tile • (2x16x16) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Analogue twisted pair to Processing Centre 4x4 receiver units SKADS Workshop 2006

  13. Overall Station 256 Tile processors 8 (say) FOV processors Assumes 4-bit samples 1GHz signals From each element 600MHz BW FOVs; 8 per tile 256 beams of 600MHz BW per FOV 16 x 16 array of Tiles ~2300 m2 Bunkers TP1 FOV1 TP2 } .. TP3 . TP17 FOV2 TP18 .. TP19 To Correlator ….. ….. ….. ….. FOV8 .. TP254 TP255 32 off 40Gb Optical fibres per FOV polarisation 256 x 8 5-10Gb Optical fibres TP256 256 x 256 1GHz Analog links SKADS Workshop 2006

  14. Final Thoughts.... • Cost dominated by array and analogue links • Total power requirements vital • Power and cost of ADC an issue • Communications for the internal data streams • Continue system design: • Frequency dependant aperture • Calibration approaches • Independent many small beams over whole scan angle • Flexibility on beams/bandwidth/sampling for Tx to correlator On SKA timescales: a digital AA appears: possible, practical and cost effective SKADS Workshop 2006

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