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The Rise of Fascism in Italy

Benito Mussolini 1923-1943. The Rise of Fascism in Italy. Goals of Fascism:. Attack and destroy Liberalism – to undo the legacy of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution and eradicate the growing threat of Marxism

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The Rise of Fascism in Italy

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  1. Benito Mussolini 1923-1943 The Rise of Fascism in Italy

  2. Goals of Fascism: • Attack and destroy Liberalism – to undo the legacy of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution and eradicate the growing threat of Marxism • Create a new era in history – a new civilization not based on individual rights or collective humanity, but “recognizing the bond of blood that would unite and regenerate a nation.”

  3. Fascism praised… Feeling, emotion, instinct, desire and will Fascism glorified action; praised brutal and primitive impulses Compare Liberal democracy with Fascism: • Liberalism and the spirit of the Enlightenment promoted… Use of reason & logic Intelligent discussion Critical analysis

  4. The “duplicity” of Fascism- dictatorship of the Right • Drew support from the lower & middle classes – all those frightened by Marxism • Real power was from the ruling elites- property owners who wanted no interference with their private property.

  5. - post-war unrest in Italy • Humiliated by the Paris Peace Treaty • On the verge of economic collapse • Widespread unemployment • Treasury was empty • Food shortages • Inflation • Labor war-strikes and lockouts

  6. Fascism was born amid crisis • Italian govt was weak and divided • Veterans seized land • Workers took over factories • Tenant-peasants did not pay their rents • Marxists & Socialists were gaining in popularity

  7. Mussolini presented himself as an answer • March 1919- organized jobless veterans into terror squads of black-shirted “Fascisti” – • beat up striking workers and their liberal supporters, • destroyed union headquarters, • disrupted meetings, planted bombs and harassed socialist officials

  8. Biographical sketch: 1883-1945 • Trouble-maker in school, but ranked 1st on final exams in four subjects • 1901-Elementary school teacher • 1902- Editor of Socialist newspaper - Switzerland to avoid military service • 1911-1915 arrested & jailed 11 times • 1915 Joined the army • 1919- Organized the Fascist Party

  9. -October 1922: “The March on Rome” • Socialist & Unionists called for a General Strike • King Emanuel III appointed Mussolini premier and gave him emergency powers

  10. Nationalism gone wild • Propaganda urged the restoration of the Roman Empire • Idealized life without crime, poverty or social turmoil • Slogan: Believe! Obey! Fight!

  11. -The Corporate State • The Fascist way of dealing with the tension between and ownership worker : • Abolished labor unions, prohibited strikes and allowed the corporation to work for the best solutions

  12. The Axis powers: • Nov 1, 1936, The Rome-Berlin Axis • June 10, 1940, Mussolini joined with Nazi Germany declaring war on Britain and France • Neither man survived the conflict they started

  13. - Mussolini’s failure: • As dictator, he never established the totalitarian state like Stalin or Hitler… • To his credit, he hesitated to use the ruthless methods of the Nazis and Soviets

  14. Mussolini’s inglorious end…

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