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Fascism in Italy

Fascism in Italy. HWH UNIT 10 CHAPTER 16.3. The Effects of WWI. Problems with the Versailles Treaty. Unfair? Germany Italy Ethnic minorities Too lenient? France. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945). Background Socialist Avante WWI Il Popolo d ’ Italia Post-WWI Irredentia

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Fascism in Italy

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  1. Fascism in Italy HWH UNIT 10 CHAPTER 16.3

  2. The Effects of WWI

  3. Problems with the Versailles Treaty • Unfair? • Germany • Italy • Ethnic minorities • Too lenient? • France

  4. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) • Background • Socialist • Avante • WWI • Il Popolo d’Italia • Post-WWI • Irredentia • Communist Threat • FasciItaliani di Combattimento

  5. Fascismo • What is fascism? • Extreme Nationalism • Loyalty to the state • Individual is subordinate to the state • Aggressive • Anti-Communist • Anti-Democracy • Fanaticism toward the leader

  6. Fascist Economics • The Corporate State • The Syndicates • Autarky • “The Battle for Wheat” • “The Battle for Births”

  7. Fascism vs. Communism Fascism • Extremely nationalistic • Appeals to middle and upper class • Preserves classes • Based on capitalist economics • Intends for permanent government control • Glorification of the leader • Anti-communist Communism • Seeks international revolution • Appeals to the working class • Classless society • Based on socialist economics • Promises eventual abolition of government • Glorification of the Party • Anti-fascist

  8. Mussolini’s Rise to Power 1919: Fascist Party organized -Squadristi (a.k.a. Blackshirts) 1921: Fascists win 35 seats (out of 535) 1922 August: General Strike October: The March on Rome Mussolini as premier (Victor Emmanuel III) -4 out of 14 cabinet members -36 seats November: “emergency power” for one year 1923: The Acerbo Law 1924: Fascists win 365 seats (65%) Mussolini as dictator (Il Duce)

  9. The Lateran Accord (1929) • Settlement with the Vatican • Pope became ruler of Vatican City • Italy paid the Vatican for land • Catholicism is official religion

  10. Italian Aggression • Ethiopia, 1935 • Revenge for Adowa • The League of Nations • Sanctions • NOT OIL • Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 • Albania, 1939

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