El Subjuntivo

1. El Subjuntivo • There are two moods in Spanish: the indicative and the subjuntive • You have been using the indicative mood to state things that are real and factual in the present tense, the preterite and the imperfect. • The subjuntive allows you to express doubt, hopes and wishes (among other things that are not concrete).

2. How do you form the subjuntive? • Do you remember how to make formal commands? • For –ar verbs go to the “yo” form of the verb, drop the “o” and attach –e or –en. • For –er and –ir verbs you go to the “yo” form of the verb, drop the “o” and attach –a or –an.

3. El subjuntivo • For the subjunctive you attach opposite endings to every form. • The first person and third person singular are the same.

4. Subjunctive of -ar verbs like “comprar” • The endings for “ar” verbs in the subjunctive are: • Comprar: e, es, e, emos, éis, en compre, compres, compre, compremos, compréis, compren Now you put the verb bailar into the subjunctive: baile, bailes, baile, bailemos, bailéis, bailen

5. Subjunctive of “er” and “ir” verbs • The subjunctive endings for “er” and “ir” verbs are: a, as, a, amos, áis, an • Put hacer into the subjunctive: • haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan • Put decir into the subjunctive: • diga, digas, diga, digamos, digáis, digan • Put poder into the subjunctive: • pueda, puedas, pueda, podamos, podáis, puedan • Notice that the stem-changing rules are the same as in the indicative.

6. Irregular verbs • Some verbs have irregular forms because they have irregular yo forms. The verbs ir, ser, dar have forms that need to be memorized. Remember the command forms:  • ve/ no vayas • sé/ no seas • da/ no des

7. Irregular verbs ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean dar dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den

8. Preview Subjunctive for hopes and wishes Repaso: Subjunctive for hopes and wishes

9. You already know that the subjunctive mood is used to express hopes and wishes with esperar que, querer que, and preferir que, and to give advice and opinions with es mejor que, es buena idea que, es importante que, aconsejar que, recomendar que, and sugerir que. Subjunctive for hopes and wishes

10. In Spanish the subjunctiveusually appears in the dependentor subordinate clause, and is introduced by the conjunction que after the main clause. Esperoque el viaje a Toledoseadivertido. I hope the trip to Toledo is fun. Te recomiendoquedesuna caminata por la ciudad. I recommend you take a walk around the city. Subjunctive for hopes and wishes Subordinate clause Main clause Subordinate clause Main clause

11. The subjunctiveis used when the subjects of the main clauseand the subordinate clauseare different. Esperoque Carmenpuedaacompañarnos a Guadalajara. I hope Carmen can come with us to Guadalajara. Óscar sugiereque nosotrosllevemosun picnic al lago. Oscar suggests we bring a picnic to the lake. Subjunctive for hopes and wishes different subjects different subjects

12. When there is no change of subject, an infinitive follows the verb in the main clause. Gloria prefiere ir al bosque. Subjunctive for hopes and wishes