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Wilderness Viewpoints

Wilderness Viewpoints. Anthropocentric vs. Biocentric. Evolution of Wilderness System. 1872 - Designation of Yellowstone 1913 – Hetch-Hetchy 1916 – Establishment of National Park Service. Evolution of Wilderness System. 1929: L-20 Regulation on FS lands

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Wilderness Viewpoints

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  1. Wilderness Viewpoints Anthropocentric vs. Biocentric

  2. Evolution of Wilderness System • 1872 - Designation of Yellowstone • 1913 – Hetch-Hetchy • 1916 – Establishment of National Park Service

  3. Evolution of Wilderness System • 1929: L-20 Regulation on FS lands • Permitted uses today considered incompatible with wilderness but made it more difficult to implement them: • logging • grazing • road construction • mechanical devices

  4. Evolution of Wilderness System • 1935: Wilderness Society formed by Bob Marshall and Aldo Leopold

  5. Evolution of Wilderness System • 1939: U regulations on Forest Service land • Bob Marshall (Chief, F.S. Div. of Rec. and Lands) • Three use categories: • U-1: Wilderness (> 100,000 acres) • U-2: Wild areas (5,000 to 100,000 acres) • U-3: Roadless areas (managed for rec.use) • Grazing & mining permitted

  6. Evolution of Wilderness System • 1956: Howard Zahniser (Director of Wilderness Society) proposes first wilderness bill • 1964: Wilderness Act finally passed by Congress

  7. National Wilderness System Wilderness Act of 1964 Created a national wilderness system. Bob Marshall Wilderness Area

  8. Wilderness Area “An area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.” Wilderness Act, 1964 Sunlight Basin, Shoshone NF

  9. Wilderness Criteria • 5,000 acres minimum or adequate size to make preservation possible. • Unnoticeable human impact. • Opportunities for solitude and primitive recreation. • May contain features of ecological, geological, scientific, educational, historic, or scenic value.

  10. Wilderness Study Areas • Areas being considered for designation as wilderness areas. • Undergo a formal study of their resources to assess their suitability for wilderness designation.

  11. National Wilderness System Eastern Wilderness Act of 1975 • Made it possible to designate areas in the eastern U.S. as wilderness. • Less stringent concerning human impacts. • Smaller parcels allowed (1,000 acres minimum).

  12. Wilderness Managers • National Park Service • US Forest Service • US Fish & Wildlife Service • Bureau of Land Management

  13. Designation • Wilderness Study Areas designated by President. • Wilderness Areas designated by Congress.

  14. Is this use permitted? • Grazing? • Roads? • Mechanical devices? • Buildings? • Timber harvesting? • Mining? • Fire control? • Wilderness outfitters & guides? • Aircraft use?

  15. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Coastal Plain: 1.5 million acres

  16. Brooks Range, ANWR

  17. Gwich’in Indians Inupiat Eskimos

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