DNA and Biotechnology

1. DNA and Biotechnology http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program.html

2. Terminology • recombinant DNA – fragment of DNA composed of sequences originating from at least two different sources • genetic transformation - introduction and expression of foreign DNA in a living organism

3. Restriction Enzymes “molecular scizzors” • Usually palindromic (reads the same forwards as backwards) • Or the same 5’ to 3’ Sticky Ends Blunt Ends Blunt Ends Sticky Ends Sticky Ends

4. Restriction Enzymes “molecular scizzors” • Combine DNA samples with restriction enzyme • Restriction enzyme binds to DNA sample • DNA is “cut” • Combine DNA of interest • Add DNA ligase • RESULT: recombinant DNA

5. Transformation • Transgenic- a cell or an organism that is transformed by DNA from another species (foreign DNA in its genome) • Plasmid- a small double-stranded circular DNA molecule found in some bacteria

6. Transformation – Transgenic Bacteria • Plasmid • Add restriction enzyme (endonuclease) • Add gene • Add DNA ligase (recombinant DNA) • Add plasmid to bacteria • EXPRESSION OF GENE