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Biotechnology: DNA Recap. Transcription and Translation. The Central Dogma. DNA RNA Protein. Transcription . DNA RNA DNA (double stranded) is transcribed in the NUCLEUS with the aid of an enzyme called RNA polymerase. . Transcription.
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Biotechnology: DNA Recap Transcription and Translation
The Central Dogma • DNA RNA Protein
Transcription • DNA RNA • DNA (double stranded) is transcribed in the NUCLEUS with the aid of an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
Transcription • RNA polymerase unwinds and unlinks the two strands of DNA. • The two strands are now separated.
Transcription: • One of them is called the CODING STRAND and the other is called the TEMPLATE STRAND.
Transcription • The TEMPLATE strand will used by RNA polymerase. • RNA polymerase adds the RNA base compliment to the DNA template to make the RNA STRAND .
Nucleotides In DNA: A always binds to TC always binds to G In RNA: A binds to U
Transcription • The newly formed RNA strand is the same as the coding strand except that U is replaced with T .
Transcription • The newly formed RNA strand is SINGLE STRANDED. • It gets processed (to mRNA) and leaves the nucleus through large holes in the nucleus called nuclear pores. • The next step is Translation!
Translation • RNA Protein • Occurs in the cytoplasm with the aid of a ribosome. • Each strand of RNA codes for multiple amino acids.
Translation • The RNA is read by reading the codon sequence. • A codon is 3 BASE PAIRS LONG. Each codon codes for an amino acid. • RNA strand: AUCGUUAUUGCG
Translation • RNA strand: AUCGUUAUUGCG
The appropriate amino acid is then placed on the growing polypeptide chain. • The polypeptide chain then undergoes structural changes to become a functional protein!
