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FORCE, WORK, and ENERGY

FORCE, WORK, and ENERGY. Review. Types of Energy Light aka Electromagnetic Mechanical Potential Kinetic Sound Energy Transfer Convection Conduction radiation. Simple Machines Lever Screw Pulley Incline Wheel Wedge Renewable Energy Nonrenewable Energy. Lab #2 Mass & Weight.

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FORCE, WORK, and ENERGY

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  1. FORCE, WORK, and ENERGY

  2. Review • Types of Energy • Light aka Electromagnetic • Mechanical • Potential • Kinetic • Sound • Energy Transfer • Convection • Conduction • radiation • Simple Machines • Lever • Screw • Pulley • Incline • Wheel • Wedge • Renewable Energy • Nonrenewable Energy

  3. Lab #2 Mass & Weight Weight Mass Grams Kilograms Measure of the amount of matter that is in an object Balance • Pounds • Newtons • Pull of gravity on an object • Spring Scale

  4. Comparison Weight & Mass Gravity has no effect on MASS but does changeWEIGHT less gravity….less weight

  5. Mass (kg) vs. Weight (lbs) Earth moon

  6. Mass (kg) vs. Weight (N) Earth moon

  7. Calculations • Earth Weight (Newtons) = mass(kg) x 10(N/Kg) • Moon Weight (Newtons) = mass(kg) x 1.7(N/Kg) • Asteroid Weight (Newtons) = mass(kg) x 0.055(N/Kg)

  8. Newton’s Equation w = weight M = mass k = gravitational constant w = M x k kearth=10 N/Kg kmoon=1.7 N/Kg

  9. FORCE • Can be measured in Newtons • Contact Force • Friction • Noncontact Force • Gravity • Net Force • All combined forces • 0 net force - balanced

  10. Lab #3 Work Measurement • Force = push or pull on something • Work = when a force causes an object to move a distance W = F x d • Can not have WORK if no movement occurs

  11. Lab #3 Work Measurement • Work can be measure in Newton-meters or Joules • Friction and gravity must be overcome in order to move an object • The force holding an object up is equal to the force of gravity pulling down on the object.

  12. Lab #3 Work Measurement • Ramp system • Up • Human pull • Gravity • Forces working opposite= more work

  13. Lab #3 Work Measurement • Ramp system • Down • Human pull • Gravity Forces working together = less work

  14. Lab #3 Work Measurement • Ramp system • Friction • Resistance to motion of two objects or surfaces that touch • More friction = more work • Greater slope = more work

  15. Lab #4 Work and Heat • Heat is a form of energy • Mass (g) • ΔT – change in temperature (° C) • Specific heat – amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of the substance 1 °C ( cal/g °C) Heat = mass x ΔT x specific heat

  16. Lab #4 Work and Heat • One calorie equals 4.2 Joules • One Joule equals .24 calories • When one object strikes another, some of the work is transformed into heat.

  17. Heat and Temperature • Heat is energy it can do work. • Heat is NOT measured with a thermometer. • Heat is measured with an instrument called a calorimeter. • Heat is measured in Joules. • Temperature is a man-made, arbitrary scale indicating which direction heat is flowing…is heat going into the system, temperature rising or is heat leaving the system, temperature declining. • Temperature is measured with a thermometer. • Temperature is measured in degrees

  18. Complete this Chart

  19. Lab#5 Energy Conversion Project • Energy is anything that can be converted into and measured as heat. • Heat can be used to do work • Heat engine • http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=heat+elevator&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&resnum=4&ct=title#q=heat%20engine%20demostration&hl=en&emb=1

  20. Lab #6 Forms of Energy • Light Energy • Work Energy • Heat Energy • Sound Energy • Potential energy is equal to the work energy put into raising the object from a starting place straight up to the height of its final resting place. • As an object falls potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

  21. Lab #6 Forms of Energy • Force moving an object a distance results in work which can be transformed into different forms of energy • Work is conserved in the form of kinetic energy & heat

  22. Conservation of Energy • Energy put into a system can be accounted for by what happens in the system • Form of energy may change but energy is neither created nor destroyed • Conservation means nothing is lost

  23. Lab #7 Matter in Motion • Work can be described as matter in motion • Atom in an object vibrate when the object strikes a surface • Movement of particles results in an increase in heat content of the object and in the production of sound energy • Heat is evidence of moving atomic particles in an object • If an object is struck hard enough , some atoms may be torn loose form their bonds resulting in chips, cracks a, or breaks

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