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System Integration of Power and Energy

System Integration of Power and Energy. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop September 21-22-23, 2009 Vancouver, B.C. State of the Art Overview Mr. David Cripe, Rockwell Collins Inc. Basic Assumptions of Soldier Systems Power/Energy System.

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System Integration of Power and Energy

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  1. System Integration of Power and Energy Soldier Systems Technology RoadmapPower/Energy/Sustainability WorkshopSeptember 21-22-23, 2009Vancouver, B.C. State of the Art Overview Mr. David Cripe, Rockwell Collins Inc.

  2. Basic Assumptions of Soldier Systems Power/Energy System High-level power requirements for the Soldier System The Soldier System electronics present a intermittent power demand. Energy must be stored to meet the requirements of the electronics. Sources must be provided for replenishment of the energy storage. Strategy: Define the problem space and success metrics.

  3. Present Power Support is Point-Based, Not Systemic • ‘Christmas-Tree’ architecture places energy storage at the point-of use, discourages centralization and commonality of storage, load-handling, power optimization, networking. • Limited use of rechargeable cells presents logistics problems for distribution of primary batteries, recycling waste. • System power input consists of replacing batteries • Power use is overshadowed by resupply and recycling requirements.

  4. Viewing the System Challenge: Integration of Power and Energy • Energy storage capability is a key limiter/enabler for mission duration for the dismounted soldier • Hydrocarbon fuels (fuel cells) allow higher energy density than electrochemical storage (batteries) • Power Generation/Energy Harvesting would require batteries to serve as ‘hold-up’ for intermittent loads, not primary power source. • Proper balance of Power Generation/Energy Harvesting/Energy Storage capabilities in SolSys provides optimal mission duration, weight reduction.

  5. Metrics to be Considered During System Design/Component Selection: • Safety/Stability of Fuels and Batteries • Redundancy/Graceful Degradation of System • Dynamics - Motion - Weight • Signature Emissions (thermal, optical, noise, fumes, etc.) • Fuel/Battery Logistics/Availability/Risks • SWAP-C • Cabling/Integration • Range of Mission Permitted

  6. What is the Proper Mix of Power Sources? • Power source requirements will be determined by mission definition. • Fuel Cells require dedicated supply logistics, fuel capacity defines mission duration. • Biomechanical and Photovoltaic generation are intermittent, place burden on battery storage, but could compliment fuel cells • Power source diversity allows mission flexibility

  7. Risks of Overspecialization • The Giant Panda only eats bamboo. Its habitat is limited, and it is an endangered species. • The Rat eats anything, and lives everywhere. • A narrow selection of power sources makes logistics and distribution critical. Limit single-source dependencies.

  8. Overview of the State of the Art of Soldier Systems Power and Energy Batteries: LiFePO4, conformal, structural Fuel Cells: Methanol, Butane, advanced H-storage Photovoltaic: Flexible thin-film Si, Organic Capacitive Energy Storage Biomechanical Energy Harvesting Bionic Power, Lightning Packs Power Conditioning Load-line optimization, battery sharing/charging

  9. What researchers are working on now (Promising technologies in-development)‏ • Thermoionic/Photoelectric (physical bandgap devices) • Nano-Thermoelectric • Spintronics • J-TEC (proton-membrane cells) • High-Energy-Density Capacitors (EEStor) • Advanced Fuel-Cells (Al, JP-8) • New Battery Chemistries (NiZn, ?)

  10. What is currently being done in Canada Pragmatic approaches, consideration of OTS solutions, AA alkalines as quasi-standard format. ISSP is a ground-up opportunity to make intelligent, lasting system design choices.

  11. The Vision for the Next 5 to 7 Years for Soldier Systems Power and Energy Development Increased energy density of battery/capacitor storage. Distributed/Integrated energy storage Diverse power source/energy harvesting options. Higher efficiencies of Energy Harvesting as an enabling technology. Unconventional energy sources: biomass, LENF, spintronics, RF harvesting Smart power conditioning to maximize available power, optimize battery performance. Evolution of Soldier Systems as System Goal: True Self-Sufficiency

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