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Heather Patrick, PhD

Weight-Related Health Issues in Social Contexts: Social Psychological Approaches to Studying Nutrition, Exercise, and Weight Loss. Heather Patrick, PhD. Close Relationships. Health. Close Relationships. Health. Overview. Theoretical background and approaches Current projects

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Heather Patrick, PhD

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  1. Weight-Related Health Issues in Social Contexts:Social Psychological Approaches to Studying Nutrition, Exercise, and Weight Loss Heather Patrick, PhD

  2. Close Relationships Health

  3. Close Relationships Health

  4. Overview • Theoretical background and approaches • Current projects • Funded research and future funding

  5. Social Cognition • Implicit theories (Dweck) • Stability vs. malleability • Persistence in the face of challenges • Implicit theories of relationships Knee, Nanayakkara, Vietor, Neighbors, & Patrick, 2001, PSPB Knee, Patrick, & Lonsbary, 2003, PSPR Knee, Patrick, Vietor, & Neighbors, 2003, PSPB

  6. Social Cognition • Implicit theories of weight • Weight as a Fixed or Malleable characteristic • Validation of the measure • Persistence and help-seeking in response to feedback (experimental study) Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, in preparation

  7. Motivation • Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan) • Motivation Orientations • Personality and Context • Relationship Motivation Knee, Patrick, Vietor, Neighbors, & Nanayakkara, 2002, PSPB Knee, Lonsbary, Canevello, & Patrick, 2005, JPSP Patrick, Knee, & Neighbors, under revision

  8. Contingent Self-Esteem • What is Contingent Self-Esteem? (Deci & Ryan, Kernis, Crocker) • Study 1: Experimental Lab Study • Evaluate magazine ads; Manipulated instructions • Results for those higher in CSE • Study 2: Experience Sampling (Diary) Study • Document appearance-related social comparisons • Results for those higher in CSE Patrick, Neighbors, & Knee, 2004, PSPB

  9. Mediation Model Comparison Direction .33** .36*** Contingent Self-Esteem Increased Negative Affect .29** .12 -.26* .07 Self-Perceived Attractiveness Patrick, Neighbors, & Knee, 2004, PSPB

  10. Weight LossGoals • Goals and goal setting • Goal Content • Goal strategies • Study 1: Goal development • Study 1: Motivation predicting • Goal content and strategies • Expectations/Intentions • Study 1: Method & Measures Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  11. Study 1 Results:Content & Strategies Autonomous Controlled B SE B β B SE B β Goal Content Intrinsic 0.39 0.11 .25** 0.20 0.11 .13 Extrinsic 0.14 0.12 .08 0.37 0.12 .23** Strategies Change eating 0.63 0.12 .38*** -0.08 0.11 -.05 Start exercise 0.64 0.14 .33*** -0.09 0.13 -.05 Diet suppl. -0.07 0.14 -.04 0.45 0.14 .24** Wt. loss prog. -0.19 0.12 -.11 0.25 0.12 .15** Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  12. Study 1 Results:Expectations Autonomous Controlled B SE B β B SE B β Expectations Emot. re: goals 0.33 0.09 .28*** -0.11 0.08 -.10 Conf. re: success 0.58 0.12 .33*** -0.06 0.12 -.04 Conf. in strat. 0.52 0.11 .34*** -0.10 0.10 -.07 Intentions Intent. lose wt. 0.31 0.13 .17* 0.12 0.13 .07 Intended efft. 0.47 0.13 .26*** -0.08 0.12 -.05 Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  13. Weight LossGoals • Study 2: Goal implementation • Daily motivation predicting • Daily perceptions of goals • Daily intentions to continue • Responses to failure to achieve immediate success • Method & Measures Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  14. Study 2 Results:Daily Experiences Daily Relative Autonomy BSE Bβt Healthy Eating (n= 60) Positivity 0.05 .01 0.28 5.38*** Persistence 0.02 .01 0.10 2.40* Exercise (n= 140) Positivity 0.07 .00 0.40 8.33*** Persistence 0.00 .00 0.00 0.57 Positivity while exer. 0.04 .00 0.32 7.38*** Look fwd. to exer. 0.07 .00 0.35 10.03*** Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  15. Study 2 Results:Response to Failure Average Daily Relative Autonomy B SE B β Healthy Eating (n= 48) Positivity re: goals 0.13 .02 0.59*** Intent to persist 0.06 .03 0.23+ Exercise (n= 109) Positivity re: goals 0.06 .01 0.33*** Intent to persist 0.03 .01 0.15* Patrick, Canevello, & Knee, under review

  16. Nutrition & Parenting

  17. Nutrition: Parenting Styles • Authoritarian • Permissive • Authoritative Patrick, Nicklas, Hughes, & Morales, 2005, Appetite Patrick & Nicklas, 2005, JACN Patrick, Hughes, Morales, & Nicklas, in preparation

  18. Nutrition: Parenting StylesResults Availability of: Fruit, Veg. + Authoritative Feeding Feeding Attempts: Dairy, Fruit, Veg. + + Reported Intake: Dairy, Veg. Availability of: Veg. - Authoritarian Feeding Feeding Attempts: Veg. + - Patrick, Nicklas, Hughes, & Morales, 2005 Patrick & Nicklas, 2005 Patrick, Hughes, Morales, & Nicklas, in preparation Reported Intake: Veg.

  19. The Role of Restriction • Inhibition & Restricting access • Polivy (1998); Wenzlaff & Wegner (1998) • Baumeister et al. (1998) • Fisher & Birch (1999) • Eating in the absence of hunger • Birch et al. (2001) • Fisher & Birch (2001) • Children’s evaluation of eating • Fisher & Birch (1999) Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  20. Hunger assessment Preference assessment Free access intake (10 minutes) Study 2 Design and Procedure Meal Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  21. Study 2Analytic Strategy • Interdependent data • Level 1: Children • Level 2: Family • Multilevel Modeling (MLM) using PROC MIXED in SAS • Models the non-independence of data coming from multiple people in the same family Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  22. Study 2 Results: Expected Parent Upset • Would your parents be upset if you ate these foods without asking? Restriction t(437)= 3.78, p< .01 Expected Parent Upset Monitoring t(437)= 2.61, p< .01 Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  23. Study 2 Results: Expected Child Guilt • How would you feel if your Mom found out what you ate today? Restriction t(442)= 1.92, p= .05 Expected Child Guilt Monitoring t(442)= 2.21, p< .05 Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  24. Study 2 Results: Reported eating • How much of these foods did you eat tonight? Was it too much or just enough? • Expected parent upset .15** • Expected child guilt .14** • Do you ever sneak any of these foods without telling your mom or dad? • Expected parent upset .15** • Expected child guilt .11* Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  25. Study 2 Results: Food consumption Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  26. Summary of findings • Anticipated responses to eating snack foods • Reported eating of snack foods • Actual snack food consumption Patrick, Fisher, & Butte, under review

  27. Currently Funded Research On the move: A self-determination exercise intervention R21 CA109961-01

  28. Autonomy Support On the move: A self-determination exercise intervention R21 CA109961-01

  29. Model to be Tested Participants’ Motivation for Exercise ExerciseIntentions Frequency Intensity Maintenance Enjoyment Online Personal Trainer (Intervention) Well-being Physical Psychological Participants’ Exercise Competence On the move: A self-determination exercise interventionR21 CA109961-01

  30. On the Move:A Self-Determination Exercise Intervention • Study overview • Online personal trainers • Use of Palms for diary On the move: A self-determination exercise interventionR21 CA109961-01

  31. Samples from Palm Exercise in Daily Life What type of cardio did you do today? Check all that apply Please select the form you wish to complete. The following items deal with why you did not exercise today. Please read each reason, and rate the extent to which each reason reflects why you did not exercise today. Walk Jog/Run I am going to exercise Elliptical Trainer Bicycle I just finished exercising Other cardio None I did not exercise today Continue Continue Previous Previous On the move: A self-determination exercise interventionR21 CA109961-01

  32. On the Move:A Self-Determination Exercise Intervention • Study overview • Online personal trainers • Use of Palms for diary On the move: A self-determination exercise interventionR21 CA109961-01

  33. Progress to Date • Pilot thus far • Programming “online” trainers & Palms • Pilot testing trainers – 130 Pp • Pilot testing procedure – 75 Pp • Long-term goals & implications On the move: A self-determination exercise interventionR21 CA109961-01

  34. Future Funding Bridging Self-Determination and Parenting Literatures

  35. Freshman Health Study • The transition from adolescence to young adulthood • Long-term implications of parenting styles and autonomy-supportive/controlling contexts • Study Overview • Current pilot work • www.freshmanhealthstudy.org • Funding potential • Multi-site R01

  36. Fruit & Veggie Choice Study • Choice is key • Study overview • Phase 1 Pilot • Phase 2 Pilot • Funding potential • R21 – Pilot-testing intervention in families • R01 – Large-scale intervention in schools & families

  37. Questions?

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