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MICROBIOLOGY

MICROBIOLOGY. STUDY OF BACTERIA & VIRUSES. WHAT ARE MICROBES?. Microscopic organisms that include bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa & viruses Less than 5% are classified as pathogenic (disease causing). WHAT DO M/O’S NEED?. Water Food/nutrients Oxygen

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MICROBIOLOGY

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  1. MICROBIOLOGY STUDY OF BACTERIA & VIRUSES

  2. WHAT ARE MICROBES? • Microscopic organisms that include bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa & viruses • Less than 5% are classified as pathogenic (disease causing)

  3. WHAT DO M/O’S NEED? • Water • Food/nutrients • Oxygen • Aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes • Temperature • Psychrotrophic (32-45 F) • Mesophilic (60-110 F) • Thermophilic (110-150 F) • pH • 7 optimal • Reproduce 4.5 - 10

  4. REPRODUCTION • Bacteria • Binary Fission • 1 bacteria clone itself • Produce 2 identical cells • Conjugation • Two bacteria share genetic information • Produce 2 new cells • Transformation • Bacteria takes genes from environment

  5. REPRODUCTION • Molds • Fragmentation • Pieces break off & create new individual • Budding • Copy (similar b. fission) • New copy break off of original • Spores • Reproductive cells released  either free-form or join w/ another

  6. BACTERIA • Prokaryotic cells • No nucleus • Contain genetic material  plasmid • Single round chromosome • Ribosomes –make proteins • Pilli • protein hair-like structures • Help cells attach • Flagella • movement

  7. BACTERIAL STRUCTURES • Cell Wall • Rigid structure either carbs or proteins • Prevents osmotic pressure (cytolysis) • Capsule • Sticky gelatin surrounds c.wall • Prevents wbc from attaching • Outer Membrane (some forms) • Toxic lipid bilayer • Endospore(some forms) • Hard outer covering • Prevents drying out • Allows go dormant

  8. MOLD • Eukaryotic Cells • Cross between plant & animal cell • Cell walls • No Chloroplasts • Consumers  saprophyte (absorb nutrients from dead, decaying organisms)

  9. MOLD • Multi-cellular organisms composed of branches called “hypae” • Vegetative hypae attached to host • Aerial hypae  absorb O2 from air

  10. M/O IN ENVIRONMENT LAB • What area of EPHS will support the most amount of microbial growth? • 20 Possible locations: • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - Control

  11. BACTERIAL SHAPES • Cocci (coccus) • Round cells • Bacilli (bacillus) • Rod shaped • Spirella (spirellum) • Thick, rigid spiral • Spirochete • Thin, flexible spiral • Vibrio • Curved, comma shaped

  12. BACTERIAL ARRANGEMENTS • Diplo • Arranged in pairs • Diplococci, diplobacilli • Strepto • Arranged chains • Streptobacilli • Staphlo • Arranged in clusters • staphlococcus

  13. THEORIES ON DISEASE • Prior to physical evidence of m/o’s • Common beliefs  witchcraft, sins against God • Lucretius (Roman philosopher) • Published theories form of poem • Renounced idea of gods/spirits • Fracastoro • Theory of chemical “spores” travel great distances • Leeuwenhoek • Credited w/ discovering bacteria • Looking a plaque family member’s teeth

  14. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Bassi • Discovered silkworm disease caused by a fungus • Killing caterpillars & destroyed silk industry • Berkeley • Proved Great Potato Blight caused by a fungus

  15. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Lister • Developed system antiseptic surgery • Combination heat & phenol alcohol • Koch • Developed criteria proving relationship btw m/o’s & disease • Studied anthrax • Koch’s postulates • M/o found all cases disease • Maintained pure culture • Produce original infection, after generations in culture • Isolated from inoculated host & recultured

  16. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Pasteur • Developed 1st vaccine for Rabies • Used attenuated strain (lost ability cause disease) • Gram • Developed system of staining procedures • Divides bacteria 2 grps • Gram +  turn violet • Cell walls simple carbs • Less pathogenic • Gram - turn red • Cell walls protein & extra lipid outer membrane • Resistant antibiotics • Pathogens

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