Natospeak, Communication, Culture & Cultural Literacy

Natospeak, Communication, Culture & Cultural Literacy Kipling’s Stranger TheStrangerwithin my gate, He maybetrueorkind, But he does not talk my talk – I cannotfeel his mind. I seethefaceandtheeyesandthemouth, but not the soul behind. Rudyard Kipling (1908) Col. L. Chaloupský,Ph.D.

Charge of the LB

Trooping of Battle Honours

ElementsofCulturalCommunicativeCompetenceandPossibleComplicationsElementsofCulturalCommunicativeCompetenceandPossibleComplications PRODUCTION COMPREHENSION Semantics/ Pragmatics Morphology Polysemy/ Homonymy Phonology Synonymy/ Antonymy Syntax SpeechActs Lexicon Mistakes Errors Ambiguity Vagueness

CulturalSpeech Area AmericanEnglish BritishEnglish CHARGE AustralianEnglish TABLE N.ZealandEnglish

Cultural Speech AreasNative to Non-Native THE CHINESE PILOT TO ATC VIDEO

ComponentsofSpeechEvents

DifferentEnglishes Non-nativeEnglishes Czenglish Deutschglish/ Gerlish Italglish/ Italish Frenglish/ Franglais glish / lish / ese Individuals Johnsonese Groups Academese, bureaucratese Institutes, etc. Brooklenese ´Si vous êtes un first-time reader de Franglais, welcome! Franglais est comparativement painless et ne donne pas un hangover. En quantités judicieuses, il est mindblowing. Ayez fun.´

DifferentEnglishes Institutionalized Unglish/ UNese EUglish Natoglish Pentagonese/ MoDese De-conflict “Uh, sir, we’re not sure which of these is the latest version – we’ll de-conflict and have this fixed for the next meeting.” Battlerhythm “We don’t have time to talk about this crap – we’ve got a tight, intense battle rhythm and we’ve got to get through these slides if we want to stay on track.” Airspeak Natospeak Seaspeak

SeaspeakExamples This is HMS ‘Dartmouth’ Seaspeak (EnglishforMaritime Communications) istheEnglishofmerchantshipping, a restrictedlanguageadopted in 1988 by the International MaritimeOrganization (IMO) ofthe United Nations.

AirspeakExamples "Identing, BA six zero six Alfa." Air Traffic Controller: Pilot: "BA six zero six Alfa: squawk ident." (In the above: squawk means "reveal", ident means "identify," and identing means "identifying.") Airspeak (AirTrafficControlEnglish, AviationEnglish) istheEnglishofinternational civil aviation, a restrictedlanguageestablishedaftertheSecondWorldWar by theInternational Civil AviationOrganization(ICAO) oftheUnitedNations.

Natospeak Airspeak Natospeak Seaspeak ESP ? = OR Plus otherspeaks ? EnglishforSpecificPurposes (ESP) istheEnglishlanguagetaughtforprofessional, vocational, andotherspecificpurposes. ESP addresseslearnerswith a commonreasonforlearning, such as theEnglishofairtrafficcontrolorOperationalMentorand Liaison Team (OMLT).

Misson Area Canada Great Britain USA C U L T U R E Pronunciation, Dialects, Intonation, Speed ofSpeech, Vocabulary, Grammar, Spelling, New Zealand Australia IMPACT 30 Different Non NativeEnglishSpeakers Ireland India, SouthAfrica, EastAfrica …

Different Cultures And when people are entering upon a war they do things the wrong way around. Actioncomes first, and it is only when they have already suffered that they begin to think. Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War

Culture anditsCharacteristics • Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts • that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another. • Culture is learned, though a process called enculturation. • Culture is shared by members of a society; there is no “culture of one.” • Culture is patterned, meaning that people in a society live and think in ways • that form definite, repeating patterns. • Culture is changeable, meaning it is constantly changing through social • interactions between people and groups. • Culture is arbitrary, meaning that Soldiersand Marines should make no • assumptions regarding what a society considers right and wrong, good and bad. • Culture is internalized, in the sense that is habitual, taken-for-granted, and • perceived as “natural” by people within the society.

James Cook CulturalMisunderstanding ?

Kipling’s Stranger The Stranger within my gate,He may be true or kind,But he does not talk my talk—I cannot feel his mind.I see the face and the eyes and the mouth,But not the soul behind.The men of my own stock,They may do ill or well,But they tell the lies I am wonted to,They are used to the lies I tell;And we do not need interpretersWhen we go to buy or sell.

CONCLUSIONS • PURPOSE OF STANAG 6001 NEED TO BE UNDERSTOOD PROPERLY • (proficiency type of test not anachievement type of test, not a university type of • exam, etc.) • STANAG 6001 DESCRIPTORS NEED TO BE RIGOROUSLY ENFORCED • Culture should be incorporated intolanguagetraining at all levels • While there are obvious sensitivities involved, the attitude that this cannot be looked at because it is "political" or "cultural" is not helpful needs to be overcome • Any nonchalant attitude to the consequences of failing to address training and education requirements will reduce and negate the roles of individual members within the Alliance • A lack of Cultural Awareness, Cultural Recognition & Independent Researchinto • the nuances of operating in English will endangercoalitionmissions

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Questions Are Welcomed

BIBLIOGRAPHY • Hymes 1968 – Linguisticproblems in definingtheconceptof ´tribe´ • McArthur – The Oxford Companion to theEnglishLanguage • Hall, Smith, Wicaksono - MappingAplliedLinguistics • Chaloupský, McKeating – Theories in Practice, MilitaryLanguageandCulture, Zlín • Chaloupský - A Sociolinguistic Interpretation of Military Slang and Vernacular Expressions, Brno • Holmes – AnIntroduction to Sociolinguistics • http://www.jftc.nato.int/JFTC%20Magazine3/index.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan • http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/02/pentagonese-a-primer/ • http://www.un.org/en/events/englishlanguageday/translators.shtml • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaspeak • http://punch.photoshelter.com/image/I0000a9.bKUAOPPQ • http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/anzac-day • http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~inveling/pdf/liu_quingxue_inve9.pdf

Natospeak, Communication, Culture & Cultural Literacy