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The Structure of the Atom

The Structure of the Atom. Modern Concept of Atomic Theory. Atom consists of a tiny nucleus Electrons move in an area directly surrounding the nucleus which is called an ORBITAL. NUCLEUS. Contains protons Positively charged Relative mass = 1836 amu Contains neutrons No charge

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The Structure of the Atom

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  1. The Structure of the Atom

  2. Modern Concept of Atomic Theory • Atom consists of a tiny nucleus • Electrons move in an area directly surrounding the nucleus which is called an ORBITAL.

  3. NUCLEUS Contains protons Positively charged Relative mass = 1836 amu Contains neutrons No charge Relative mass = 1839 amu Protons and neutrons are about the same mass

  4. NUCLEUS The nucleus accounts for only a small portion of the atom’s volume BUT Contains the majority of the atom’s mass

  5. ORBITAL • Contains electrons • Negatively charged • Relative mass = 1 amu • The orbital accounts for the majority of the atom’s volume BUT • Contains only a small portion of the atom’s mass

  6. Electrons • Electrons move randomly • Electrons cannot be shown to be at any one location at any one time • Electrons can only be shown to be in a probability map of where they could be • Negatively charged electrons tend to stay close to the nucleus because of their attraction to the protons positive charge

  7. Atomic Chemical Properties • Atoms have different chemical properties because of the number and arrangement of the electrons • Electrons are the parts of the atoms that combine with other atoms to form molecules

  8. Atomic Number • Is basically the number of the element on the periodic table • It also determines the number of protons in the nucleus Number of protons = atomic number

  9. Atomic Mass • The mass of the atom • This is calculated by averaging the exact weight of every naturally-occurring stable isotope of that atom in nature based on the percent abundance of that atom in nature. Example: Carbon (12.000000)(0.9890) + (13.003355)(0.0110) = 12.011 amu

  10. Mass number • The rounded form of the atomic mass • Gives the amount of protons & neutrons combined • Using the atomic number as well, you can calculate the number of neutrons in the nucleus Number of neutrons = Mass number – atomic number

  11. Nuclear Symbol • By knowing the element symbol, atomic number, and mass number, you can write the nuclear symbol of an element

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