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Chapters 30 and 31 “Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations” 1945-2005

Chapters 30 and 31 “Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations” 1945-2005. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY MR. RICK PURRINGTON MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL. I. July 1945 - The End of World War II is Near A. En route to G, USSR influences E. Eu countries B. Potsdam Conference

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Chapters 30 and 31 “Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations” 1945-2005

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  1. Chapters 30 and 31 “Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations”1945-2005 AP EUROPEAN HISTORY MR. RICK PURRINGTON MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL

  2. I. July 1945 - The End of World War II is Near A. En route to G, USSR influences E. Eu countries B. Potsdam Conference 1. E. Eu: Democratic or Communist? a) Truman demands free elections in E. Eu b) Stalin refuses – USSR needs security “A freely elected government in any of these Eastern European countries would be anti-Soviet, and that we cannot allow.” ~ Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference

  3. p.1039

  4. C. What to do with G? 1. G divided into 4 zones a) US, Fr, Br, and USSR 2. Berlin divided same way

  5. D. The Berlin Airlift 1. 1948 - USSR blocks traffic into W. Berlin 2. U.S. planes dropped 400,000 tons of supplies into W. Berlin 3. 1949 – USSR ends blockade

  6. The Berlin Airlift

  7. E. Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its communists intend to do in the future or what are the limits, if any to their explosive tendencies. I believe an “iron curtain” has descended across Europe.” ~ Winston Churchill, 1946

  8. II. The Truman Doctrine: Containment A. Goal: Stop the spread of communism “I believe that it must be the policy of the U.S. to support freedom. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic aid which can help bring stability and order.” ~ President Truman, 1947 1. Greece, Turkey $180 million “The United States contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning World War II. This is an investment in world freedom and world peace. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain.” ~ President Truman, 1947 2. The Marshall Plan a) $13.4 billion to Eu to rebuild 3. NATO – anti-Soviet military alliance 4. Warsaw pact – anti-NATO military alliance

  9. III. Decolonization (1945-1980) A. The colonies desired: 1. Self Determination 2. Racial equality 3. Personal dignity B. Eu desired, after WWII: 1. peace, concentration at home 2. a movement away from imperialism

  10. IV. Continued Cold War Conflict A. USSR After Stalin 1. 1953 – Stalin Dies, Nikita Khrushchev emerges 2. De-Stalinization begins in USSR 3. USSR concerned - Khru’s “loose grip” 4. Khru hardens his stance against the West B. 1961 – Khru orders Berlin Wall be built around W. Berlin

  11. C. 1961 -The Bay of Pigs 1. Pres. Kennedy’s and CIA’s failed plan to assassinate Cuban Fidel Castro

  12. D. 1962 - The Cuban Missile Crisis 1. USSR nuclear missiles in Cuba 2. JFK works a deal to avert nuclear war 3. Khru forced by USSR to step down

  13. “Duck and Cover!” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UVH8YRXsqo

  14. V. End of the Cold War A. Détente – 1970’s relaxing of Cold War tensions B. 1984 – Pres. Reagan is re-elected 1) Largest landslide victory in U.S. history = mandate

  15. C. Late 1980’s -- U.S. Winning the Cold War 1) USSR economy , U.S. economy 2) Pres. Reagan’s military spending a) 1980 – $150 billion b) 1988 – $300 billion 3) USSR couldn’t keep up (military spending, space race, etc = $$) 4) U.S. fell into debt a)1980 – $80 billion in debt b)1990 – $220 billion

  16. D.Reagan and USSR Leader Mikhail Gorbachev 1) First positive relations b/t USSR, U.S. leaders 2) Gorbachev agrees to allow some freedom a) glasnost – some political freedom b) perestroika – some economic freedom

  17. E. The Fall of the USSR 1) 1989 – E. Eu nations (Poland, Czech, Romania, Bulgaria etc) hold elections • E. Ger allows E. Berliners to move to W. Berlin 3) Berlin Wall is torn down • 1990 – E and W Ger unify • Dec. 1991 – USSR Republics hold elections, become independent • USSR no longer exists – Cold War Ends, Boris Yeltsin rules • 2000 – Vladimir Putin rules a “managed democracy”

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