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Chapter 8 Review Game

Chapter 8 Review Game. February 10, 2011. DNA is located in the ________. Present your answers!. nucleus. What type of organic compound or macromolecule is DNA? RNA?. Present your answers!. Nucleic acid.

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Chapter 8 Review Game

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  1. Chapter 8 Review Game February 10, 2011

  2. DNA is located in the ________. Present your answers! nucleus

  3. What type of organic compound or macromolecule is DNA? RNA? Present your answers! Nucleic acid

  4. The work of Griffith, Avery, and Hershey and Chase led to the conclusion that _______ is the genetic material, NOT ________. Present your answers! DNA, protein

  5. Which two scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA? In what year? Present your answers! James Watson and Francis Crick - 1953

  6. During what process do gene mutations occur? Present your answers! DNA replication

  7. During what process do chromosomal mutations occur? Present your answers! Meiosis – specifically during prophase I of meiosis, during crossing over

  8. Why are chromosomal mutations more devastating than gene mutations? Present your answers! b/c chromosomes contain many genes

  9. What are the two types of gene mutations? Present your answers! Point and frameshift

  10. Which of the two types of gene mutations are the most devastating and why? Present your answers! Frameshift because more than one codon will be altered and therefore more than one amino acid will be incorrect in the protein that is made

  11. Mutations in ________ cells can be passed down to offpsring whereas mutations in _________ cells cannot be passed down to offspring. Present your answers! Germ (gametes); somatic

  12. What does DNA stand for? Present your answers! Deoxyribonucleic acid

  13. DNA is the instructions to make __________. Present your answers! proteins

  14. A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein is called a __________. Present your answers! gene

  15. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Present your answers! Sugar, phosphate, base

  16. What sugar is in DNA? Present your answers! deoxyribose

  17. Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA? Present your answers! In between the bases

  18. Where are the covalent bonds in the DNA? Present your answers! In between the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules (backbone)

  19. What are the four bases found in DNA? Present your answers! Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

  20. What are the base pairing rules for DNA? Present your answers! A-T, C-G

  21. What is the shape of the DNA molecule? Present your answers! Double helix, winding staircase, twisted ladder

  22. What is the result of DNA replication? Present your answers! Two exact copies of the cell’s DNA

  23. When does DNA replication occur during the cell cycle? Present your answers! During the S phase

  24. Why must DNA replication occur before mitosis? Present your answers! So that each new daughter cell can get a complete set of DNA

  25. What is the name of the two enzymes involved in DNA replication? Present your answers! Helicase and DNA polymerase

  26. What does helicase do during DNA replication? Present your answers! Unwinds the strand and unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases

  27. What does DNA polymerase do during DNA replication? Present your answers! Adds complementary nucleotides to each original DNA strand

  28. Where in the cell does DNA replication occur? Present your answers! In the nucleus

  29. _________ are changes or errors in the nucleotide sequence that occur during DNA replication. Present your answers! mutations

  30. DNA mutations can cause __________. Present your answers! cancer

  31. What is an example of something that can damage or mutate DNA? Present your answers! Cigarette smoke, UV radiation

  32. What are the three types of RNA? Present your answers! mRNA, tRNA, rRNA (messenger, transfer, ribosomal)

  33. What sugar does RNA have? Present your answers! ribose

  34. DNA has two strands of nucleotides, wherease RNA has _____ strand(s) of nucleotides. Present your answers! one

  35. Besides the difference in sugars and number of strands of nucleotides, what is the third difference between DNA and RNA? Present your answers! RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

  36. What are the RNA base pairing rules? Present your answers! A-U, C-G

  37. Which organelle in the cell makes the proteins? Present your answers! The ribosomes

  38. Where are the ribosomes located in the cell? Present your answers! The cytosol (cytoplasm) – free floating and attached to rough ER

  39. The purpose of _______ is to transfer the instructions to make a protein from the DNA to the ribosome. Present your answers! mRNA

  40. What is the product of transcription? Present your answers! mRNA

  41. Where does transcription occur? Present your answers! nucleus

  42. What is the name of the enzyme in charge of transcription? Present your answers! RNA polymerase

  43. After the mRNA is made during transcription, the DNA molecule “zips” back up and the mRNA molecule leaves the __________ and travels to the _________. Present your answers! Nucleus, ribosome (cytosol)

  44. What is the product of translation? Present your answers! A protein

  45. What is the monomer (repeating subunit) of a protein? Present your answers! Amino acid

  46. What kind of bond joins the amino acids together in a protein? Present your answers! Peptide bond

  47. Where does translation occur? Present your answers! In the cytosol, on the ribosome

  48. What types of RNA are involved in translation? Present your answers! All 3 – mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

  49. A set of three bases on mRNA is referred to as a _______. Present your answers! codon

  50. What is on one end of the tRNA molecule? What is on the other end? Present your answers! Anticodon, amino acid

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