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Chapter 8 Review Game

Chapter 8 Review Game. February 25, 2009. DNA is located in the ________. Present your answers!. nucleus. What type of organic compound or macromolecule is DNA? RNA?. Present your answers!. Nucleic acid. What did Chargaff discover about the proportion of bases in DNA?.

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Chapter 8 Review Game

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  1. Chapter 8 Review Game February 25, 2009

  2. DNA is located in the ________. Present your answers! nucleus

  3. What type of organic compound or macromolecule is DNA? RNA? Present your answers! Nucleic acid

  4. What did Chargaff discover about the proportion of bases in DNA? Present your answers! Amount of A=amount of T Amount of C= Amount of G (also, different proportions of bases in different organisms)

  5. Which two scientists worked with bacteriophages and radioactive sulfur and phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material? Present your answers! Hershey and Chase

  6. Which scientist experimented with two strains of bacteria and discovered that there was a “transforming principle?” Present your answers! Frederick Griffith

  7. Which scientist ran chemical analyses and enzyme test trying to determine if the “transforming principle” was DNA or protein? Present your answers! Oswald Avery

  8. What is a bacteriophage and of what two molecules is it primarily composed of? Present your answers! A virus that eats or attacks bacteria; made up of DNA and protein

  9. During what process do gene mutations occur? Present your answers! DNA replication

  10. During what process do chromosomal mutations occur? Present your answers! meiosis

  11. Why are chromosomal mutations more devastating than gene mutations? Present your answers! b/c chromosomes contain many genes

  12. What are the two types of gene mutations? Present your answers! Point and frameshift

  13. Which of the two types of gene mutations are the most devastating and why? Present your answers! Frameshift because more than one codon will be altered and therefore more than one amino acid will be incorrect in the protein that is made

  14. Mutations in ________ cells can be passed down to offpsring whereas mutations in _________ cells cannot be passed down to offspring. Present your answers! Germ ; somatic

  15. What does DNA stand for? Present your answers! Deoxyribonucleic acid

  16. DNA is the instructions to make __________. Present your answers! proteins

  17. A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein is called a __________. Present your answers! gene

  18. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Present your answers! Sugar, phosphate, base

  19. What sugar is in DNA? Present your answers! deoxyribose

  20. Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA? Present your answers! In between the bases

  21. Where are the covalent bonds in the DNA? Present your answers! In between the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules (backbone)

  22. What are the four bases found in DNA? Present your answers! Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

  23. What are the base pairing rules for DNA? Present your answers! A-T, C-G

  24. What is the shape of the DNA molecule? Present your answers! Double helix, winding staircase, twisted ladder

  25. What two scientists are credited for discovering the structure of DNA? Present your answers! James Watson and Francis Crick

  26. In what year did Watson and Crick reveal the structure of DNA? Present your answers! 1953

  27. What is the result of DNA replication? Present your answers! Two exact copies of the cell’s DNA

  28. When does DNA replication occur during the cell cycle? Present your answers! During the S phase

  29. Why must DNA replication occur before mitosis? Present your answers! So that each new daughter cell can get a complete set of DNA

  30. What is the name of the two enzymes involved in DNA replication? Present your answers! Helicase and DNA polymerase

  31. What does helicase do during DNA replication? Present your answers! Unwinds the strand and unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases

  32. What does DNA polymerase do during DNA replication? Present your answers! Adds complementary nucleotides to each original DNA strand

  33. Where in the cell does DNA replication occur? Present your answers! In the nucleus

  34. _________ are changes or errors in the nucleotide sequence that occur during DNA replication. Present your answers! mutations

  35. DNA mutations can cause __________. Present your answers! cancer

  36. What is an example of something that can damage or mutate DNA? Present your answers! Cigarette smoke, UV radiation

  37. What are the three types of RNA? Present your answers! mRNA, tRNA, rRNA (messenger, transfer, ribosomal)

  38. What sugar does RNA have? Present your answers! ribose

  39. DNA has two strands of nucleotides, wherease RNA has _____ strand(s) of nucleotides. Present your answers! one

  40. Besides the difference in sugars and number of strands of nucleotides, what is the third difference between DNA and RNA? Present your answers! RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

  41. What are the RNA base pairing rules? Present your answers! A-U, C-G

  42. Which organelle in the cell makes the proteins? Present your answers! The ribosomes

  43. Where are the ribosomes located in the cell? Present your answers! The cytosol (cytoplasm)

  44. The purpose of _______ is to transfer the instructions to make a protein from the DNA to the ribosome. Present your answers! mRNA

  45. What is the product of transcription? Present your answers! mRNA

  46. Where does transcription occur? Present your answers! nucleus

  47. What is the name of the enzyme in charge of transcription? Present your answers! RNA polymerase

  48. After the mRNA is made during transcription, the DNA molecule “zips” back up and the mRNA molecule leaves the __________ and travels to the _________. Present your answers! Nucleus, ribosome (cytosol)

  49. What is the product of translation? Present your answers! A protein

  50. What is the monomer (repeating subunit) of a protein? Present your answers! Amino acid

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