Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution

1. Chapter 5Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775

2. Conquest by the Cradle • Common amongst the 13 – huge population growth • 1700 • less than 300,000 people • 20,000 – black • 1775 • 2.5 million • About 500,000 were black • Most of the increase was from birth rate • Doubling their birthrate every 25 years • Average age in 1775 - ___

3. 1700 – 20:1 ____________________ • 1775 – 3:1 ____________________ • Most were east of the Alleghenies • Most populated: • VA, MA, PA, NC, MD • Only “cities: • Phillidelphia (first city) • 34,000 • NY, Boston, Charleston • 90% lived in a rural area

4. A Mingling of the Races • Melting pot • Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur • (Just remember “Crevecoeur) • “What then is the American, this new man?” • English = 49% • African = 19% • Scottish = 7% • German = 7% • Scots-Irish = 5% • Irish = 3% • Dutch = 3% • Other European = 9%

5. Middle colonies most diverse • Pennsylvania • Most diverse • Germans made up 1/3 of the pop • Mostly fleeing religious persecution • Scots-Irish • Rough bunch • Backcountry along the Appalachians • Conflicts with the Native Americans • “great wagon road” • 12 presidents would be of S-I descent • Outside of NE – ½ of the pop was non-Eng.

6. Structure of Colonial Society • Different from Europe • no titled nobility • “rags-to-riches” • Descendants of original settlers struggled more • Around 1750 • 10% of Bostonians/Philadelphians owned _____________________

7. Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists • Ministers – most _____________________ • Physicians • Poorly trained • Perelman School of Medicine,1765 • ___________________________ • Apprenticeships and blood-letting • Small-pox, diptheria • Inoculations • Lawyers • Not highly regarded _______________________ • Most people argued their own cases

8. Workaday America • Triangular Trade • Read 4th paragraph and draw a map with a key of what the TT would have looked like based on the example in the passage.

9. Horsepower and Sailpower • Transportation issues • Dirt roads, awful conditions • Long travel time • 26 days for new of the _____________________ to reach Charleston from Pennsylvania • Water travel preferable • Taverns • Pop up along routes • Centers of politics and social gathering • Mid 1700s – Postal system estabilished

10. Dominant Denominations • “Established churches” • Anglican • Congregational • Anglican - GA, NC, SC, VA, MD, and parts of NY • Description: _____________ • College of William and Mary • Congregational • All except RI ____________ • Sedition in the pulpit: _______________________ • Tolerant, in general

11. The Great Awakening1730s and 1740s • Decline in piety • Puritan decline • Post-Dominion of New England/Glorious Revolution (post 1688) • Coastal communities • Elaborate Theology • Liberal church membership requirements • Spiritual conversion not necessary for church membership • Calvinism vs. Armenianism • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield • Old Lights vs. New Lights (Primary Source Readings)

12. Schools and Colleges • New England • Reading and writing • Make good ____ not good ______. • Early provide primary and secondary schools • Mostly for __________ • Many go to England for college • Middle and South • Elementary schooling • South struggles with _________ throughout the 1700s • Wealthy ________________________________. • Emphasis on religion and classical (“dead”) languages • Orthodox and dogma • 9 colleges established • University of Pennsylvania • Ben Franklin

13. A Provincial Culture • Painters • Trained in England • Charles Wilson Peale • Literature • Phillis Wheatley • Slave/Poet • First _____________ • Ben Franklin • Poor Richard’s Almanack (1732-1758) • Widely popular • “Scientist Ben” • “Inventor Ben

14. Pioneer Presses • Newspapaers, pamphlets, etc. vs. books • Too poor/to busy • 40 _________________ • Zenger Trial (1734-1735) • John Peter Zenger • NY • Seditious libel • Andrew Hamilton

15. “The question before the Court and you, Gentlemen of the jury, is not of small or private concern. It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty.” - Andrew Hamilton • NOT GUILTY!

16. Freedom of the ____________ victory • If it’s true… • Open public discussion • Hallmark of ____________________ • But not fully

17. The Great Game of Politics • Different forms of gov’t in the colonies • 8 = royal governors • 3 = proprietary (MD, PA, DE) • 2 = elected their own governors • Self-governing charters • Two-house legislative body • Upper – appointed by crown, proprietor, voters (RI,CT) • Lower – voters choose

18. Self-taxation • Royal Governors • Withholding salaries • Local government • Town meetings • County gov’t • Mix • Voting • Fear of democratic excess • Property or religious qualifications • ½ of adult white males ___________________ • Democracy • Not pure, but purer than ________________________ • (read sentence on page 94)