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The 1850s: A Decade of Crisis

The 1850s: A Decade of Crisis. Unit 6 - Manifest Destiny and the Crisis of the Union APUSH Mrs. Baker. Sectional Differences . The Industrial North The slave South The agricultural west. Causes of Conflict between the North and the South. Slavery Moral issue vs. Defending and expansion

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The 1850s: A Decade of Crisis

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  1. The 1850s:A Decade of Crisis Unit 6 - Manifest Destiny and the Crisis of the Union APUSH Mrs. Baker

  2. Sectional Differences The Industrial North The slave South The agricultural west

  3. Causes of Conflict between the North and the South • Slavery • Moral issue vs. Defending and expansion • Constitutional disputes • Nature of federal Union and states’ rights • Economic differences • Industrializing North v. agriculture South • Tariffs, banking and internal improvements • Political blunders and extremism

  4. Differences between North and South:Sectional Divide

  5. Conflict over Status of Territories • Three conflicting opinions: • Free-Soil Movement • Southern position • Popular Sovereignty • Senator Lewis Cass (D – MI) • Election of 1848 • Democrats: Senator Cass • Platform of popular sovereignty • Whigs: General Zachary Taylor • Took no position on slavery in the territories • Free-Soil: Martin Van Buren

  6. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 • California statehood • Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

  7. Timeline of the Events of 1850

  8. Review:The Missouri Compromise of 1820 What are the 3 compromises of the Missouri Compromise

  9. The Compromise of 1850

  10. Agitation over Slavery Fugitive slave act Uncle tom’s cabin Underground railroad

  11. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. ~ Abraham Lincoln

  12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year • 2 million in a decade

  13. National Parties in Crisis • In the mid-1850’s, two tendencies caused further political instability: • The weakening of the two major parties • Democrats • Whigs • Disastrous application of popular sovereignty in the western Kentucky territory • Kansas-Nebraska Act • “Bleeding Kansas” • “Bleeding Sumner”

  14. The “Know – Nothings” [The American Party] • Growing ethnic tension in the North between native-born Protest Americans and immigrant Germans and Irish Catholics. • 1849 – Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner was created in NYC. • What were their beliefs? • Nativists • Anti-Catholics • Anti-Immigrants

  15. Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat Winner Gen. Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free Soil

  16. 1852 Election Results

  17. Kansas-Nebraska Act

  18. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

  19. “The Crime Against Kansas” Congr. Preston Brooks D - SC Sen. Charles Sumner R - MA

  20. 1. How did the number of slave states change between 1820 and 1854? 2. How did the Kansas- Nebraska Act affect the amount of land that was open to slavery? 3. What is the significance of these changes over time in regards to the issue of slavery?

  21. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

  22. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free-Soilers Know-Nothings Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

  23. Election of 1856 James Buchanan Democrat Winner John C. Fremont Republican Millard Fillmore Whig

  24. 1856 Election Results

  25. Constitutional Issues Lecompton Constitution Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Lincoln-Douglas Debates

  26. Lecompton Constitution Explain the significance of the Lecompton Constitution.

  27. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

  28. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858Illinois Senate Race A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

  29. “A House Divided” SpeechAbraham Lincoln “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved– I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become allone thing or allthe other.”

  30. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

  31. The Road to Secession John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry The Election of 1860

  32. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

  33. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20th c.)

  34. The Presidential Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican Winner John Bell Constitutional Union John C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

  35. Republican Platform • Non-extension of slavery • Protective tariff • No abridgement of rights for immigrants • Government aid to build a Pacific RR • Internal improvements at federal expense • Free homesteads for the public domain

  36. Election of 1860:3 “Outs” & 1 “Run”

  37. A Nation Coming Apart?!

  38. Results of the Election

  39. Secession of the Deep South Crittenden Compromise Secession Fort Sumter

  40. Crittenden Compromise Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing: KY)

  41. Secession

  42. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

  43. The Upper South Secedes while… The Union maintains Border States

  44. Secession & Disunion Primary Source Analysis

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